特大地震灾害期间医院血液需求的变化及其影响因素分析  

Study on the changes of blood demand and the related factors during the Wenchuan earthquake relief work

作　　者：程勤侦[1] 田伟[2] 赵晓嘉[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都市血液中心,四川成都610041 [2]四川省医学科学院四川省人民医院

出　　处：《中国输血杂志》2008年第8期588-591,共4页Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion

摘　　要：目的探讨"5.12"特大震灾期间医院救治地震伤员用血和灾区血液需求变化及其影响因素。方法将2008年5月12日16:28时至6月1日00:00时救治地震伤员期间,成都地区医院所需全血等6种血液制剂的血型和数量与上年同期比较,并对重灾区绵阳、德阳和广元市3地医院同期救治地震伤员用血需求变化的影响因素进行分析,运用SPSS13.0和EXCEL 2003软件分析数据并作图。结果成都地区医院在救治地震伤员期间,全血、红细胞悬液和血浆需求量分别为2110、12761和15119U,较上年同期1240、8810、7096U分别增加70.2%、44.9%和113.1%,Rh阴性血和冷沉淀更较上年同期分别增加206.9%、385.8%,血小板则比上年同期减少5.3%;B型全血、红细胞悬液和血浆需求量血型构成比分别是17.6%、22.7%和25.3%,O型3种血液需求量血型构成比分别是49.9%、35.6%和38.8%,A型和AB型3种血液需求量血型构成比变化不明显。灾区医院救治伤员全血、红细胞悬液和血浆需求量由灾初短暂急剧增加,到中、后期明显减少,分别减少到灾初需求总量28.8%(86单位)、13.0%(329U)和55.1%(370U)。结论特大震灾发生后,医院血液需求的种类及数量需求都快速增加,尤其以Rh阴性血液和冷沉淀需求量增加更为显著,救治伤员期间血小板需求量变化不明显,且灾区医院血液需求量的明显变化直接与医院毁损等因素相关。Objective To study the changes of blood demand from hospitals in the earthquake areas and the related influence factors during the Wenehuan earthquake relief work. Methods The blood demand of 6 kinds of blood products from hospitals in Chengdu, from 16：28 on May 12 to June 1, as well as the demands during the same period of the previous year, were collected and compared. Meanwhile, the influence factors of the change of blood demand in other earthquake - afflicted areas, including Mianyang, Deyang and Guangyuan, were also analyzed. Data were analyzed by SPSS13. 0 and EXCEL2003 software. Results The demands of whole blood, red blood cell suspension and plasma were 2 110 U, 12 761 U and 15 119 U, respectively, while the respective demands of the previous year were 1 240 U, 8810 U and 7 096 U, respectively. The increases were 70.2%, 44. 9% and 113.1%, respectively. And the increase rates of the demand of the Rh - negative blood and the cryoprecipitate were 206. 9% and 385.8%, respectively. But the demand of the platelet con- centrates decreased by 5.3%. The proportion of the blood demand of type B whole blood, red blood cell suspension and plasma were 17. 6%, 22. 7% and 25.3%, respectively, and those of type O were 49.9%, 35.6% and 38. 8%, respectively. The demand of the whole blood, red blood cell suspension and plasma increased sharply at the beginning of the earthquake relief work, but reduced to 28.8%, 13.0% and 55.1% in the middle-late period. Conclusion The demands of blood product increased sharply after the earthquake, especially the demand of Rh - negative blood and cryoprecipitate. But the demand of platelet concentrates didnt change significantly. And the changes of the demand were directly related to the damage of the hospitals in the earthquake - afflicted areas.

关 键 词：地震 医院 输血救治 血液需求量 

分 类 号：R457.1[医药卫生—治疗学] P315.9[医药卫生—临床医学]