邓廷桢与广东禁烟问题  

Deng Tingzhen and Opium Prohibition in Guangdong

作　　者：吴义雄[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学历史系,教授广州510275

出　　处：《近代史研究》2008年第5期37-55,共19页Modern Chinese History Studies

摘　　要：1836—1839年两广总督邓廷桢在广东的禁烟活动,与鸦片战争前中英关系的演变具有直接联系。邓廷桢在1836年一度拥护许乃济提出的弛禁鸦片贸易的建议,并为此作了积极准备。在清廷决定实施严禁政策后,邓廷桢怀着犹疑、观望的态度执行道光帝的谕令,对伶仃洋鸦片趸船打击不力,但在切断内地鸦片贩子与鸦片趸船联系方面的努力却收到可观的效果,使持续多年的鸦片贸易模式遭受重创。这一结果却使得外国鸦片贩子加速寻求向中国东、北部沿海贩卖鸦片,并导致广州内河鸦片走私活动的复活,鸦片问题在总体上显得更为严峻。受到政治压力的邓廷桢利用因义士贩烟事件,迫使广州外侨总商会和英国驻华商务监督义律与其达成禁止广州内河鸦片走私的协议。但这一协议因清廷决定派遣林则徐赴粤采取更为严厉的禁烟措施而告终结。As governor-general of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces,Deng Tingzhen's prohibition of the opium trade from 1836 to 1839 was directly related to the evolution of Sino-British relations.In 1836,Deng for a time enthusiastically supported Xu Naiji's proposal to lift the ban on the opium trade,and made active preparations for it.When the Qing court decided to strictly prohibit the opium trade,Deng carried out Emperor Daoguang's policy reluctantly and failed to drive out the opium storage ships from the Lintin waters.But he did succeed in cutting off the link between the ships and Chinese opium dealers,severely disrupting the longstanding pattern of opium smuggling.However,these actions resulted in much more opium smuggling along the coasts of eastern and northern China and the revival of opium smuggling on the inner Pearl River near Guangzhou.Thus the opium problem became more critical.Under increased political pressure,Deng used the Innes smuggling case as an opportunity to force the General Chamber of Commerce of Foreign Residents in Canton and Charles Elliot,Superintendent of British Trade in China,to reach an agreement on banning opium smuggling or the inner river.But that agreement ceased to function because of the arrival of Commissioner Lin Zexu,whose missior was to launch a much more severe policy to extinguish the opium trade.

关 键 词：邓廷桢 道光帝 鸦片问题 禁烟政策 伶仃洋 内河走私 

分 类 号：K249.3[历史地理—历史学]