2000-2007年台州市伤寒副伤寒流行病学及控制探讨  

Epidemiologieal of Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever and Measures study for Prevention and Control During the Years from 2000-2007 in Taizbou City

作　　者：张宗祥[1] 

机构地区：[1]台州市疾病预防控制中心,浙江椒江318000

出　　处：《疾病监测与控制》2008年第9期519-520,524,共3页Journal of Diseases Monitor and Control

摘　　要：目的为了解伤寒、副伤寒流行规律，分析流行因素，探讨控制措施。方法用描述流行病学分析全市伤寒副伤寒发病强度、三间分布，用病例对照研究探索发病流行因素。结果2000--2007年全市伤寒副伤寒年平均发病率为19．49／10万（3．12-61．56／10万），2000年开始优势菌由伤寒杆菌转变成甲型副伤寒杆菌，2004年流行达高峰（61．56／10万），发病点多面广又相对集中，表现为夏秋季发病高峰，2004年表现为春季和夏秋季两个高峰；各年龄组均有发病，20--49岁发病数占病例总数的78．88％;男女发病率分别为23．34／10万和18．86／10万；全市以农民、学生、工人、民工和家务待业为发病主，流行因素专题调查显示，饮水污染所致的餐饮业餐具食品的二次污染和密切接触是造成流行的主要原因，饮水污染直接引发的暴发进一步加剧了疫情，在外用餐和贝类食品的食用方式也是流行因素。结论及时全面发现和规范管理传染源，是预防和控制伤寒副伤寒发病流行的重要措施，饮用水消毒的落实，清洁卫生水供应量的增加，食品卫生管理的加强，改厕粪便污水无害化实施，使甲型副伤寒流行和爆发流行逐步得到控制。Objective The present study was designed to understand the epidemic law of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, analyze the epidemic factors and explore measures for diseases prevention and control.Methods A descriptive epidemiological study was made to analyze the epidemic strength and distribution of time,regional and population of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, and case-control study was made to explore its epidemic factors Results The mean incidence of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever was 19.49/Lakh from 2000 to 2006（rage：3.12-66.56 / Lakh）.Salmonella paratyphoid A become dominant strains prevailed over Salmonella typhoid since 2000, and the incidence reached its peak in 2004 （61.56 Lakh）. The regional distribution of the diseases was still shown to be wide, but relatively localized, reaching its peak in summer and autumn.In 2004, the incidence reached its peak in spring and summer and autumn. The age distribution was also shown wide, however,78.S8% of the disease was in the age group from 20 to 49.The incidence of＇the male and female was relatively 21.51 Lakh and 17.43 Lakh： .The occupational distribution was mainly in the group of peasants,students,workers, migrant workers and persons without occupation. Case-control study showed that the causation of the epidemic situation mainly resulted from Close contact or food and Tableware polluted by unsanitary water. Shellfish eating and eat outside have become important factors for incidence of the epidemic situation. Conclusion The most important measures for the epidemic situation control and prevention are the surveillance and management of the source of the disease.Improvement management of food sanitary supervision and disinfections of drinking water,increasing supply of sanitary water was also the effective measures.

关 键 词：伤寒副伤寒 流行病学 危险因素 控制措施 

分 类 号：R181.2[医药卫生—流行病学]