气候变化与城市发展对城市气象灾害的影响及对策——以西安市为例  

Influence of Climate Changes and City Development on Meteorological Disasters and the Strategy——Taking Xi'an as Example

作　　者：鲁渊平[1] 杜继稳[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省气象局,陕西西安710015

出　　处：《灾害学》2008年第B09期7-10,共4页Journal of Catastrophology

摘　　要：利用西安市1951-2006年气温、降水、风以及天气现象等气象观测资料,分析了在全球变暖及城市发展背景下,西安市城市干旱、城市内涝、高温热浪、大风、冰雪天气、雷电灾害等主要城市气象灾害特征及影响。随着城市建设的快速发展以及气候变化的加剧,水资源供需不平衡造成的城市干旱仍是西安可持续发展面临的重要问题;20世纪90年代以来,在降水呈现减少趋势下,极端强降水发生的频率增加,城市内涝严重;高温热浪、雷电灾害、大风、降雪冰冻天气等城市气象灾害对城市的正常运转的影响也日益突出。针对城市气象灾害的影响,从气象防灾减灾体系建设方面提出了城市气象灾害的防御对策。Based on the meteorological observation data of air temperature, rainfall, wind and weather phenomenon in the period from 1950 to 2006 in Xi＇an city, the characteristics and influence of the main urban meteorological disasters in Xi＇an, such as drought, water logging, high temperature, gale, ice and snow, thunder and lightning disasters under the background of global warming and city development are analyzed. As the rapid development of urban construction and the intensification of climate changes, the urban drought resulted from the unbalance between supply and demand of water resources, is still an important problem in sustainable development in Xi＇an. Since the 1990s, with the decreasing tendency of rainfall, the frequency of extreme precipitation increases and urban water logging aggravates. Urban meteorological disasters, such as high temperature, thunder and lightning disasters, gale, snowfall and frozen weather, become increasingly obvious. According to the influence of urban meteorological disasters, some strategies for urban meteorological disaster preventionand reduction are put forward in the terms of establishment of meteorological disaster prevention and reduetionsystem.

关 键 词：城市气象灾害 气候变化 城市发展 西安市 

分 类 号：P429[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P467