多功能固沙保水剂性能及其效果的研究  

Characteristics Evaluation of the Multifunctional Sand-fixing and Water-maintaining Polymer

作　　者：张建峰[1] 杨俊诚[1] 张夫道[1] 姜慧敏[1] 刘秀梅[2] 王玉军[1] 张骏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,江西南昌330220

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2008年第5期1820-1825,共6页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2007CB109308);农业成果转化基金项目(2007GB23260386)

摘　　要：采用液相化学方法,微乳化、高剪切和非均相混聚技术,以风化煤和废弃塑料为主要原料,研制了集提供养分、固沙保水、改良土壤、修复荒漠化土壤作用于一体的3种多功能固沙保水剂,通过试验研究,优化出一组固沙保水剂。结果表明,该固沙保水剂的胶团粒径为20￣60nm,固结层抗压强度为5.30￣16.10MPa,抗冻融性能和耐老化性能良好,在风速15m·min-1和25m·min-1连续吹30min、在风速30m·min-1吹5min均未见起尘及风蚀现象,抗风蚀性能显著。Desertification of lands is one of the most serious ecological problems in China. Three mature methods, namely engineering sandfixing, biological sand-fixing and chemical sand-fixing, can be applied to control and recover the desert. Former two not only take time and effort but also capital intensive. Therefore, chemical approaches aim at sand-fixing, water-maintaining and nutrimentsoffering have been an alternate option. In this paper, three types of muhifunctional sand-fixing and water-maintaining polymer（humus-plastic polymer, plasticstarch polymer and air-slake coal polymer）, which could provide nutriments, fix sand, preserve water, remediate soil and recover desert, were made from the air-slake coal and the abandoned plastics by liquid chemical method, emulsification, high velocity cutting method and mixing in non-homogeneous solution. The characteristics of the polymers such as particle size distribution, viscosity, anti-press intension, freezethaw capacity, aging capacity and anti-windy capacity was analyzed to select one polymer with excellent sand-fixing and water-maintaining characters. The results indicated that all three types of polymer not only decreased water evaporation under no vegetation, for example, in 15 days the control evaporated 99.8%, while three types polymer evaporated 98.2%, 98.1% and 97.4% in 50 days respectively, but also increased moisture content with vegetation, for example, after 60 days of seeding, water content in soil was 8.33%, 14.33%,15.45% and 16.35% respectively. And air-slake coal polymer was the best one with integrated analysis as follow： the diameter of the particles was in the scope of 20 nm to 60 nm, the anti-press intension of concretion was 5.30 MPa to 16.10 MPa, and the effect of anti-gelation and anti-weathering were significant. Additionally, the function of anti-wind erosion was strong, for that no dust and erosion occurred when the wind blown continuously at 25 m·min^-1 for 30 min and 30 m·min^-1 for 5 min, respectively. Therefore, air-slake coal polym

关 键 词：风化煤 非均相混聚 固沙保水 抗风蚀 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]