新疆葡萄滴灌技术参数对土壤水盐分布特征的影响  

Analysis on the Effects of Technical Parameters of Grape Drip Irrigation on Soil Salt Content Distribution in Arid Areas of Xinjiang

作　　者：张江辉[1] 王全九[1] 姚新华[2] 张胜江 白云岗 

机构地区：[1]西安理工大学,陕西西安710048 [2]新疆巴音郭楞蒙古自治州水利管理处,新疆库尔勒841000 [3]新疆水利水电科学研究院,新疆乌鲁木齐830049

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2008年第5期679-682,共4页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50579062);国家科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD38B03);国家948项目(200620)共同资助

摘　　要：新疆水资源短缺和土壤盐碱化是制约农业生产的主要因素,通过对新疆葡萄滴灌的试验研究,分析了主要滴灌技术参数对葡萄根区水盐分布的影响。结果显示:葡萄生育期灌水结束后,所有处理土壤盐分随着距滴头距离的增加而增加,对土壤盐分的淋洗作用均与灌水周期的大小成反比。膜下滴灌在水平方向距滴头60 cm以内均无盐分累积的情况;灌水周期为3 d的不覆膜处理,高频的灌水也起到了很好的淋洗作用,生育期内灌水没有造成土壤积盐;通过对主根区土壤盐分的量化分析,得出最优的洗盐模式和灌水定额。hortage of water resources and soil salinization or alkalization have become as the main factors restricting agricultural development in Xinjiang. In this study, a field experiment on grape drip irrigation in arid areas of Xinjiang is carried out, and the effects of the main technical parameters of drip irrigation on grape yield are analyzed. The results show that soil salt content increases with increasing the distance away from drippers under all the treatments after irrigation in growth season, and the effect of leaching soil salt is in inverse proportion to the irrigation frequency. Horizontally, there is no soil salt accumulation within an extent of 60 cm away from drippers in drip irrigation under plastic film. When irrigation is done every 3 days without mulching plastic film, the leaching effect under frequent irrigation is obvious, and soil salt accumulation does not occur in growth season. After quantitatively analyzing the soil salt content in taproot rhizosphere, the optimal leaching mode and irrigation requirement are determined, that is, irrigation should be done every 3 days, and the irrigation requirement is 209 m^3 · hm^-2 .

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 土壤盐碱化 葡萄 生育期 新疆 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]