新疆博斯腾湖水环境问题研究  

Study on the Aqueous Environment Problems of the Bosten Lake,Xinjiang

作　　者：袁峡[1] 杨佃华 

机构地区：[1]塔里木河流域管理局,新疆库尔勒841000 [2]巴音郭楞蒙古自治州环境保护局,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2008年第5期735-740,共6页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-10-06);中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所(20001014)资助

摘　　要：博斯腾湖是塔里木河流域4大源流——开都河的尾间湖，孔雀河的源地。位于焉耆盆地东南，是我国最大的一个十分特殊，而又非常重要的内陆淡水湖泊。湖水清澈、水温适中（18．2～19．7℃），水生生物资源丰富。湖区西岸大片沼泽湿地是我国优质芦苇生产基地。博斯腾湖不仅对焉耆盆地和孔雀河流域环境具有调节作用，更为重要的是对当地的经济社会环境的可持续发展、对区域环境友好建设具有直接的影响。基于物质和能量的守恒理论，消耗品必须有出处，废弃物必须有去处。河流和气流在给博斯腾湖带来各种径流的同时，也带来了自然和人类活动产生的废弃物，导致湖泊生态功能受损。为适应变化着的湖泊环境，人类曾采取了一些限制自我行为的措施，收到了一定的成效。通过分析博斯腾湖水污染现状、机理，提出进一步适应和改善博斯腾湖水环境的措施。The Bosten Lake is the rump lake of the Kaidu River （one of the 4 main source streams of the Tarim River） and the source of the Kongque River. It is located in the southeast Yanqi Basin, and is the largest and important inland lake in China, where lake water is clear and its temperature is moderate （ 18.2 - 19.7 ℃ ）, the lake is rich in aquatic organism resources, and the large-area quagmire is a production base of high-quality Phragmites communis. The Bosten Lake plays an important role in regulating environment and maintaining sustainable development of local economy, society and environment in the Yanqi Basin and Kongque River Basin. In this paper, the actuality and causes of aqueous environment pollution and the current effect of aqueous environment improvement of the Bosten Lake are analyzed. The results reveal that there are some aqueous environment problems in the Bosten Lake area, such as the increasing water salinity and pollution, destruction of the quagmire entironment, reduction of biodiversity, eutrophication in some water areas, shortage of water resources, serious water pollution and soil salinization due to excessive water and land exploitation. Thus, some measures are put forward for improving the aqueous environment in the lake area.

关 键 词：博斯腾湖 水环境 水污染 新疆 

分 类 号：P343.3[天文地球—水文科学]