全站仪三角高程测量方法及精度分析  

Accuracy analysis and approaches of total station triangle elevation surveying

作　　者：张智韬[1] 黄兆铭 杨江涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]佛山市顺水工程建设监理有限公司,广东佛山528400

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2008年第9期229-234,共6页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目“现代节水农业技术及新产品专项”(2002AA2Z4041);国家“十一五”科技支撑计划项目“大型灌区节水改造工程关键支撑技术研究”(2006BAD11B05)

摘　　要：【目的】研究全站仪高程测量各方法代替水准测量的精度、优缺点、适应条件及适应范围等,为实际工作中选择最佳测量方案提供理论依据。【方法】依据全站仪单向、对向及中点法三角高程测量的方法,根据测量原理得出各自的计算公式,对各公式进行误差来源分析,应用误差传播定律得出各自的误差方程式,并进行精度分析比较。【结果】在一定范围内合理利用全站仪三角高程测量,可达三、四等水准测量的要求,其中对向观测的误差最低,精度最好,中点法观测次之,单向观测精度最差。【结论】用全站仪三角高程测量代替水准测量,方法简单易行,测量速度较传统方法快得多。[Objective] The research on the advantages and disadvantages, applying conditions and ranges of each total station triangle elevation surveying approach to replace water leveling survey provides a theoretical basis for choosing the most appropriate survey method in the practical work. [Method] From the three approaches of Triangle Elevation Surveying by using total station：single-direction observation, double-direction observation and midway method, three calculation formulas were deducted based on some surveying principles. Then after error analysis, the error transmission principle was applied to figure out the error formulas respectively and then a contrastive analysis was made for each elevation survey accuracy up-on the impact of various factors. [Result] The analysis results show that if Triangle Elevation Surveying by using total station was applied within certain reasonable ranges, the observation result could reach the water leveling survey measurements of grade three or grade four specifications,among which double-direction observation accuracy was the highest, the midway method the second, and the single-direction observation the poorest. [Conclusion] To conclude, this Triangle Elevation Surveying is a rather simple and quick method that it can provide a new access to build up a height controlling network.

关 键 词：全站仪 三角高程测量 测量误差 精度分析 

分 类 号：P224[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]