陨星撞击的地学意义与撞击构造的判识标志  

Geoscience Significance and Identification of Meteorite Impact Structure

作　　者：房建军[1] 王建强[1] 邱欣卫[1] 高飞[1] 高新奎 

机构地区：[1]西北大学地质学系,陕西西安710069 [2]延长油田井下作业公司,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《地球科学与环境学报》2008年第3期234-239,共6页Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment

基　　金：教育部长江学者"油气盆地"创新团队发展计划项目(IRT0559);国家自然科学基金项目(40372096)

摘　　要：陨星撞击是太阳系各行星及卫星演化、地质历史中导致古气候环境灾变与生物灭绝和新生的主要营力之一,在地球演化早期是一种较为普遍发生的事件。研究陨星撞击作用及其影响是探讨地球演化的有机组成部分,无论在基础理论方面还是在实际应用方面,都具有重大的意义。目前对于陨星撞击的地学意义研究,主要集中在撞击事件与地球环境灾变、地球生命更替、板块构造动力学、富集成矿(藏)等关系方面。撞击构造是判识陨星撞击事件最明显和最直接的记录,其形态和规模、岩石学、矿物学、地球化学、构造和地球物理等特征是判识撞击构造的重要标志。Meteorite impact is one of the important agents that caused the palaeoclimatic environment catastrophe and the extinction and rebirth of creatures in the geologic history during the evolution of planets and satellites in the solar system, and it is also the very common event during the nonage evolution of the earth. The study of meteorite impact and its influence is necessary to investigate the evolution of the earth and has an important significance both in the basic theories and practical applications. Nowadays, the studies on the geoscience significance of meteorite impact mainly focus on the relationship between impact event and the earth＇s environment catastrophe, the life successions on the earth, the plate tectonic dynamics and the concentration in ore-formation etc. The impact structures are the most evident and direct records to identify the meteorite impact events and their characters of shape, size, lithology, mineralogy, geochemistry, structures and geophysics are the important signs to identify the impact structure.

关 键 词：陨星撞击 地学意义 撞击构造 判识标志 

分 类 号：P69[天文地球—地质学]