腾格里沙漠东南缘风沙活动动力条件分析--以沙坡头地区为例  

Dynamical characteristics of wind-blown sand activities at the southeast edge of Tengger Desert:A case study at Shapotou Region

作　　者：张克存[1,2] 屈建军[1] 俎瑞平[1] 韩庆杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所敦煌戈壁荒漠生态与环境研究站,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2008年第5期643-649,共7页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40701171);干旱气象科学研究基金(IAM200606)项目共同资助

摘　　要：利用腾格里沙漠周边气象站的观测资料,结合风沙活动规律及其环境特征,以沙坡头地区为重点研究对象,详细分析了沙漠东南缘风沙活动动力特征。研究区风况具有明显的方向性和季节性变化,主要有来自沙漠外围的西北风、东北风和东南风。西部边缘以西北风为主,东部还受来自阿拉善高原的北风和东南风的影响。冬季盛行西北风,夏季短暂时期盛行东北风。另外,利用沙坡头站1980-2000年风速自记资料(数据采集时间间隔为10分钟),对起沙风况和输沙势进行了详细的统计和计算。从全年起沙风玫瑰分布来看,大于起沙风的主风向频率可分为3组,即多年平均的主风向为W-NNW,次主风向为NE-E,再者为WSW-S。多年平均输沙势DP为358.7 VU,风能属于中能环境(200～399 VU)。多年平均方向变率(RDP/DP)值为0.46,属于中比率。年均合成输沙势RDP为164.42 VU,集中分布在130～200 VU范围内。年均合成输沙方向RDD为134.19°。Based on the data of meteorology stations on the periphery region of Tengger Desert, the paper discussed the dynamical characteristics of wind-blown sand activities on the southeast edge of Tengger Desert. Impacted by the atmospheric circulation, the wind regimes in the studied regions have obvious directional and seasonal variation. In general, the region is mainly controlled by the NW, NE and SE winds which blowing from the peripheral area of the Tengger Desert. The west edge of Tengger Desert prevails the wind of northwester,and its east effected by the north wind and southeaster from Alashan Plateau. Northwester wind is most in the winter,and northeaster in summer with a brevity time. In addition, the recording wind data at Shapotou Desert Station from 1980 to 2000 （picking step is 10 minute） was used to analyze the characteristics of sand-laden wind and calculate sand drift potential. The prevailing wind direction at the west edge of Tengger Desert is NW but at the east edge of the desert the prevailing wind direction is N and SE. As seasonal variation as concerned,wind from NW is strongest in the winter,while wind from NE is strongest in summer. According to the calculated results,the muhi-year averaged drift potential （DP） and the resultant drift potential （RDP） in Shapotou region is 358.7 VU and 164.42 VU respectively,which belongs to a moderate-energy environment. The multi-year averaged direction variability （RDP/DP） is 0.46 which belongs to a moderate ratio. On average,the resultant drift direction （RDD） is 134.19° .

关 键 词：风沙活动 沙坡头 起沙风况 风玫瑰 输沙势 

分 类 号：P931.3[天文地球—自然地理学]