模型结构对通气超空泡影响的实验研究  

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON THE EFFECT OF MODEL STRUCTURE ON VENTILATED SUPERCAVITY

作　　者：张学伟 魏英杰[1] 张嘉钟[1] 王聪[1] 于开平[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学航天学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《工程力学》2008年第9期203-208,共6页Engineering Mechanics

摘　　要：在水洞中开展了模型结构对通气超空泡形态和水动力影响的系列模型实验研究。结果表明:空化器、通气碗、锥柱结合的模型主体、尾部收缩段以及模型支撑的截面形状和方式都会对空泡形态和模型水动力产生影响。在相同空泡数下,空化器直径越大,超空泡长度越大,并且在相同直径下,圆盘空化器比圆锥空化器产生的超空泡长度大;模型尺度越大,阻塞比越大,超空泡长度越大;锥柱结合的模型主体会产生滞后效应;模型支撑的截面形状应为流线型;前支撑、腹支撑和尾支撑适用于研究不同的超空泡特性,其中当模型采用前支撑方式时,空泡形态和水动力应采用有效空化器直径进行计算。A series of model experiments in water tunnel were carried out to investigate the effect of model structure on the shape and hydrodynamic characteristics of ventilated supercavity. It is shown that the characteristics of ventilated supercavity are affected by many factors, such as： cavitator, gas deflector, main-body combining cone with cylinder, contractive rear-body, section shape of the strut and its connection type. Consequently, the conclusions are drawn as： 1） If the number of cavitation remains unchanged, the length of supercavity increases with the cavitator diameter. 2） With equal diameters, disc cavitator can produce longer supercavity than cone cavitator, and both the choke ratio and the supercavity length increase with the model scale. 3） Hysteresis effect may happen on the main-body. 4） Strut section should be in the shape of streamline. 5） Different supercavity characteristics should be analyzed using different strut types. 6） If front-strut type is used, supercavity shape and hydrodynamics should be calculated with effective cavitator diameter.

关 键 词：流体力学 通气超空泡 水洞实验 模型结构 支撑方式 

分 类 号：O352[理学—流体力学] TV131.2[理学—力学]