长期有机物循环利用对红壤稻田土壤供磷能力的影响  

Effects of long-term cycling of organic matter on soil phosphorus supplying capacity in a red soil paddy ecosystem

作　　者：陈安磊[1] 谢小立[1] 王凯荣[2] 高超[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,湖南长沙410125 [2]青岛农业大学农业生态与环境健康研究所,山东青岛266109 [3]湖北省水土保持监测中心,湖北武汉430071

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2008年第5期874-879,共6页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2005CB121106);中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-YW-423);湖南省自然科学基金(08JJ3090)资助

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验,研究了长期不同施肥处理定位试验土壤供磷能力的差异,并从土壤磷素平衡、全磷、有机磷、Olsen-P和MB-P的含量的变化等方面探索了导致供磷能力差异的原因。结果表明,长期施用磷肥能显著提高土壤的供磷能力,其中以有机物循环利用配合磷肥施用处理土壤的供磷量能力最高,植株平均吸磷量是长期不施磷肥处理的3.5倍,比长期施用磷肥处理平均高出59.8%。长期单施氮肥导致土壤供磷能力衰竭,植株总吸磷量比长期不施肥还低17.2%,单一有机物循环利用和配施N肥植株总吸磷量比长期不施肥分别高80.3%和40.2%。有机物循环利用能明显提高土壤微生物对磷素的固持量,土壤微生物对无机磷的利用可能是其向有效磷转化的关键途径。磷肥配合系统内有机物循环利用是提高红壤稻田土壤供磷能力的有效施肥模式。The soil P supplying capacity in red paddy soils of different long-term fertilization systems（1990-2004） was investigated using pot experiment,and the differences of soil P supplying capacity in different fertilization treatments were also studied according to the change of soil P balance,total P,organic P,Olsen-P and MB-P.The results indicated that soil P supplying capacity was significantly increased by long-term chemical P fertilizer application and kept at the highest level in the chemical P fertilizer application combined with longterm cycling of organic matter,at the same time,the average P uptake of plantation in this treatment was 3.5 times than control（no chemical P fertilizer application）,and 59.8% higher than chemical P fertilizer application（NP,NPK）.In the long-term chemical N fertilizer application treatment,soil P supplying capacity was very low and the total P uptake of plantation was decreased by 17.2% compared with no fertilizer application.In the application of organic matter cycling and organic matter combined with N fertilizer treatments,the total P uptake of plantation were increased by 80.3% and 40.2%,respectively.Long-term organic matter cycling obviously improved microbial fixation of soil P,and it was the key approach for the conversion of inorganic P into extractable P accomplished by microorganisms in paddy soils.Therefore,cycling of organic matter combined with chemical P fertilizer was a good fertilizer management strategy to improve soil P supplying capacity.

关 键 词：红壤性水稻土 有机物循环利用 土壤供磷能力 长期施肥 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学]