灌溉量和灌溉时期对小麦耗水特性和产量的影响  

Effects of irrigation amount and stage on water consumption characteristics and grain yield of wheat

作　　者：王德梅[1] 于振文[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农业部小麦栽培生理与遗传改良重点开放实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2008年第9期1965-1970,共6页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：农业部农业结构调整重大技术研究专项项目(06-03-04B);国家自然科学基金资助项目(30471026)

摘　　要：2005—2007年通过田间试验,研究了不同灌水量和灌水时期对小麦耗水特性、籽粒产量及其水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:土壤贮水消耗量占总耗水量百分率的变异系数显著高于降水量占总耗水量百分率的变异系数,表明土壤贮水利用率的可调控幅度较大;适量灌溉的W3处理(拔节水+开花水,灌水量120mm)的灌水量、降水量和土壤贮水消耗量占总耗水量的百分率分别为31.0%、38.9%和30.1%,灌水量多的W5处理(冬水+拔节水+开花水+灌浆水,灌水量240mm)分别为51.7%、32.4%和15.9%,与W5处理相比,W3显著提高了土壤贮水消耗量占总耗水量的百分率.灌水量均为120mm的条件下,拔节前W3处理的耗水量显著低于W2处理(冬水+拔节水),而开花至成熟阶段的耗水量则相反.W3处理的耗水模式与小麦需水规律相吻合,这是其水分利用效率高的生理基础.Field experiment was conducted in 2005 -2007 to study the effects of irrigation amount and stage on the water consumption characteristics, grain yield, and water use efficiency of wheat. The results showed that the variation coefficient of the proportion of soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount was significantly higher than that of precipitation to total water consumption amount, suggesting the relatively wide regulation range of soil water use efficiency. The proportions of irrigation amount, precipitation, and soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount were 31.0%, 38.9%, and 30. 1% in treatment W3 （irrigated at jointing and flowering stages, with total irrigation amount of 120 mm）,, and 51.7%, 32. 4% , and 15.9% in treatment W5 （ irrigated before winter and at jointing, flowering and grain-filling stages, with total ir- rigation amount of 240 mm）, respectively, indicating that treatment W3 had a significantly higher proportion of soil water consumption amount to total water consumption amount than treatment W5. Though treatments W2 （ irrigated before winter and at jointing stage） and W3 （ irrigated at jointing and flowering stages） had the same irrigation amount （120 mm）, the water consumption amount during the period from flowering to maturing was significantly higher in W3 than in WE, while the water consumption amount before jointing was significantly lower in W3 than in WE. The water consumption pattern in treatment W3 was in agreement with the water requirement pattern of wheat, which was the physiological basis of high water use efficiency.

关 键 词：小麦 灌水量和时期 耗水特性 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]