长江口海域浮游糠虾类生态特征  

Ecological character of pelagic mysids in Yangtze Estuary of China

作　　者：顾孝连[1] 徐兆礼[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所农业部海洋与河口渔业重点开放实验室,上海200090

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2008年第9期2042-2048,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：上海市博士后科研计划项目(07R214165);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项项目(2007M24);国家自然科学基金项目(90511005);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2001CB409707);上海市科委项目(062358101);上海市908专项资助项目(PJ1-1)

摘　　要：利用2002—2003年长江口近海(122°00′—123°30′E,29°00′—32°00′N)四季调查资料,研究了长江口近海浮游糠虾类多样性、数量波动过程及其与渔场的关系.结果表明:长江口近海共有浮游糠虾14种,秋季10种,春、秋季8种,冬季2种.种类组成季节更替明显,其中从秋季到冬季更替率最高(90.9%),春、夏和秋季多样性指数(H′)值均大于2,冬季为1.夏季丰度均值最高[234.70ind.(100m3)-1],秋季为103.34ind.(100m3)-1,春季80.36ind.(100m3)-1,冬季最低12.40ind.(100m3)-1,丰度变化与温度一致.因温、盐适应范围最广,漂浮囊糠虾是春、秋、冬3季的优势种;短额刺糠虾是夏、秋两季的优势种;长额刺糠虾是冬季的优势种.各季节优势种对总丰度贡献均较大.夏季短额刺糠虾的聚集强度最高.长江口近海浮游糠虾类对长江口渔场及舟山渔场的形成具有重要意义.Based on the four seasonal oceanographic cruises investigation data in the Yangtze Estuary （ 122°00′-123°30′E,29°00′-32°00′N） in 2002-2003, the diversity and abundance dynamics of pelagic mysids as well as their relationships with fishing ground were studied. A total of 14 species were identified, among which, 10 species occurred in autumn, 8 species in spring and sum- mer, and 2 species in winter. Clear seasonal alterations were observed, among which the highest alteration ratio （90. 9% ） occurred from autumn to winter. Shannon diversity index （H′） in spring, summer and autumn was above 2, and that in winter was 1. Mean abundance was the highest in summer [234. 70 ind · （ 100 m3 ） -1 ], followed by in autumn [ 103.34 ind ·（ 100 m3 ） -1], spring [ 80. 36 ind ·（ 100 m3 ） -1 ], and winter [ 12.40 ind ·（ 100 m3）-1 ]. The changes in mean abundance were in accordance with the fluctuation of seasonal temperature. Due to the adaptation to a wide range of temperature and salinity, Gastrosaccus pelagicus was dominant in spring, autumn and winter. Acanthomysis brevirostris was dominant in summer and autumn, and A. longirostrisas in winter. The dominant species in each season all made a significant contribution to total abundance. A. brevirostris was observed in large agglomerates in summer. As a kind of fish diet, mysids were of importance in the formation of fishing grounds in the Yangtze Estuary and Zhoushan Islands.

关 键 词：长江口 浮游动物 糠虾类 生态学 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学] Q958.8[生物学—动物学]