138例药疹住院病例分析  

Analysis of 138 cases of drug eruption

作　　者：龚春燕[1] 申国庆[1] 江丽[1] 李敏[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院皮肤病研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《中华皮肤科杂志》2008年第9期585-587,共3页Chinese Journal of Dermatology

摘　　要：目的探讨药疹致敏药物与临床表现。方法收集2005年1月至2007年6月，对住院治疗的138例药疹病例，进行回顾性分析。结果主要的致敏药物为抗菌药，占31．46％；其中阿莫西林致病最常见．占11．23％；其次为非甾体抗炎药，占28．09％；中药类．占15．73％。口服给药是引起药疹的主要途径，占54．17％：主要的皮疹类型为多形红斑型，占33．71％，其次为吲定型，占28．09％，发疹型占22．47％：重症药疹手要致敏药物为抗痛风药和中药类结论抗菌药和非甾体抗炎药引起药疹比较常见，尤其是阿莫西林。中成药引起药疹的发生率有所上升，临床应重视口服给药引起药疹的问题。Objective To update the knowledge on the sensitizing drugs and clinical features of drug eruption. Methods The clinical data on 138 patients hospitalized for drug eruption in the Department of Dermatology, Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, from January 2005 to June 2007, were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Results Totally, 178 episodes of drug eruption were observed in these patients during the tested period. The major sensitizing drugs included antibacterial agents （ 31.46% ）, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （ 28.09% ）, traditional Chinese medicines （ 15.73% ）. Amoxicillin triggered 20 episodes of drug eruption and was the most common causative drug. Oral administration was the predominant sensitizing route of administration （54.17%）. Of all the drug eruptions, 33.71% manifested by erythema multiforme, 28.09% by fixed drug eruption, 22.47% by exanthematous drug eruption. Severe types of drug eruption were mainly caused by traditional Chinese medicines and anti-gout drugs. Conclusions Antibacterial agents and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have become the major sensitizing drugs of drug eruption, especially amoxicillin. The frequency of traditional Chinese medicine-induced eruptions are increasing. Furthermore, caution is warranted for the drug eruption caused by oral administration.

关 键 词：药疹 抗菌药 非甾体抗炎药 回顾性研究 

分 类 号：R758.25[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]