季节和集群大小影响震旦鸦雀对人类接近的响应  

Seasonality and flock size affect responses of the reed parrotbill Paradoxornis heudei to human approach

作　　者：熊李虎[1] 陆健健[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学河口海岸学国家重点实验室,上海200062

出　　处：《动物学报》2008年第4期622-629,共8页ACTA ZOOLOGICA SINICA

基　　金：上海市科委科技攻关项目(No.06DZ12301和No.05DZ12008);上海市科委重大科技项目(No.04DZ12049)~~

摘　　要：本研究对震旦鸦雀在人类接近时的行为响应进行了观察,探讨集群大小以及季节性对人类接近时震旦鸦雀行为响应的影响。在人类靠近的情况下,震旦鸦雀个体或者集群会采取逃逸、哨兵行为和警戒鸣叫或这些行为的组合做出反应,哨兵行为和警戒鸣叫常常伴随出现。人类接近时,出现哨兵行为和警戒鸣叫的个体和集群的比例呈现明显的月变化,在繁殖季节(4-9月),哨兵行为和警戒鸣叫出现的平均比例远低于非繁殖季节(10月-次年3月);出现哨兵行为和警戒鸣叫的集群比例随着集群大小的增加而增加。震旦鸦雀的集群大小呈现明显的季节性变化,繁殖季节以单只和较小集群为主,而非繁殖季节以较大集群为主。人类接近时,不同季节和不同集群大小中哨兵行为和警戒鸣叫的出现与否呈现极显著的差异,方差分量估计表明警戒行为表现的差异主要由集群大小引起。Parrotbills Paradoxornis heudei alone or in flocks responded to humans by showing sentinel behavior and alarm-calling. As flock size increased, parrotbills tended to show a combination of sentinel behavior and alarm-calling. The proportion of flocks which showed sentinel behavior and alarm-calling in response to human approach changed significantly seasonally （ P 〈 0.001 ）, and these proportions were positively correlated with flock size （sentinel behavior： r = 0.747, P 〈 0.001; alarm-calling： r = 0.770, P 〈 0,001）. Variance component analysis showed that the ratio of variance induced by flock size was higher than that induced by seasonality （alarm-calling： 12.76% by seasonality vs 83.10% by flock size; sentinel behavior： 10.03% by seasonality vs 86.85% by flock size）. Thus, the response of reed parrotbills to human approach was more influenced by flock size than seasonality. Our study indicated that seasonal changes in vigilance responses of reed parrotbills to human approach is mainly affected by flock size

关 键 词：震旦鸦雀 人类接近 哨兵行为 警戒鸣叫 集群大小 季节性 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]