青蛤精子结构及环境因子对精子活力的影响  

Spermatozoa morphology and effects of environmental factors on spermatozoa motility in Cyclina sinensis

作　　者：竺俊全[1] 丁理法 沈和定[3] 许式见[1] 叶霆[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学教育部应用海洋生物技术重点实验室,浙江宁波315211 [2]温岭市水产技术推广站,浙江温岭317500 [3]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海200090

出　　处：《上海水产大学学报》2008年第5期547-552,共6页Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University

基　　金：宁波市青年科学基金(02J20102-18)

摘　　要：用显微及亚显微技术研究了青蛤精子的形态结构;通过设定盐度、pH及温度梯度条件,研究了其对青蛤精子活力的影响。精子头部呈稍弯曲的辣椒形,由圆锥状顶体与柱状细胞核构成。顶体长约0.8μm、内部物质分布均匀,顶体下腔内颗粒状物质均布;核长约2.3μm、核宽约0.7μm～0.9μm,核质电子密度高而均匀,具核后窝。尾部包括中段和末段,中段由5个线粒体围绕近、远端中心粒构成;末段细长鞭状,由轴丝及包绕轴丝的质膜组成,轴丝为"9+2"结构。青蛤精子与同属帘蛤科的菲律宾蛤仔、波纹巴非蛤及沟纹巴非蛤精子在顶体的形态与尺寸、核形态与大小、中段线粒体数目上存在差异。青蛤精子激活与运动的最适盐度为20～25,最适pH为8.0～9.0,最适温度为25℃～30℃。青蛤精子对盐度及pH的适应性较强,反映了该物种对潮间带栖息环境变化的适应性。The morphology of spermatozoa of Cyclina sinensis were investigated by light microscopy as well as electron microscopy. The effects of environmental factors on the sperm motility were also investigated by setting different gradients of salinity, pH and temperature. The sperm of Cyclina sinensis is pepper-shaped, with a slight curve on the head which consists of a conical acrosome and a columnar nucleus. The acrosome is about 0.8μm in length, with equally distributed materials in it. The subacrosomal space contains granular material. The nucleus is about 2.3μm in length, and 0.7 -0.9μm in width, with high electronic density and equally distributed material in it. The nucleus also contains a post nuclear fossa. The tail is comprised of a mid-piece and an end piece. The mid-piece has five mitochondria which surround the proximal and distal centrioles. The whip-like end piece consists of an axoneme which is a typical ＂9＋2＂ structure, and plasma membrane which is around the axoneme. There are many differences in the morphology and the size of acrosome and nucleus, as well as the number of mitochondria in mid-piece among Cyclina sinensis, Ruditapes philippinarum, Paphia undulata, and Paphia exarata, which are all in the Family Veneridae. The optimal salinity for spermatozoa activation and motility is 20-25, the optimal pH is 8.0-9.0, and the optimal temperature is 25℃-30℃. The Cyclina sinensis spermatozoa has broad adaptation to environmental salinity and pH value, this reflects that this species adapts to the intertidal zone environmental changes.

关 键 词：青蛤 精子 形态结构 活力 盐度 pH 温度 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]