机构地区:[1]上海交通大学附属国际和平妇幼保健院新生儿科,上海200030
出 处:《实用儿科临床杂志》2008年第18期1427-1429,共3页Journal of Applied Clinical Pediatrics
摘 要:目的探讨极低出生体质量儿(VLBW1)围生期高危因素和临床结局,为改善VLBW1的近期临床结局提供帮助。方法对2003年1月-2006年12月本院76例产妇分娩的84例VLBW1的临床资料进行回顾性分析,按出生体质量将VLBW1分为2组:880~1200g组和〉1200~1500g组,对其并发症和新生儿期病死率进行分析比较。结果VLBW1母亲的高危因素包括妊娠期高血压综合征29例(38.2%)、多胎妊娠17例(22.4%)、胎膜早破18例(23.7%)、妊娠贫血14例(18.4%)、胎盘异常(胎盘低置、胎盘前置以及胎盘早剥)14例(18.4%)、试管婴儿9例(11.8%)及产前发热3例。入院VLBW1均有1种或1种以上并发症,黄疸55例(65.5%),Hb〈100g/L 39例(46.4%),窒息29例(34.5%),呼吸暂停28例(33.3%),血小板〈100×10^9L^-1 24例(28.6%),新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征18例(21.4%),喂养不耐受17例(21.3%),肺炎15例(17.9%),败血症7例(8.3%),支气管肺发育不良4例(4.8%),坏死性小肠结肠炎2例(2.5%)。应用肺表面活性物质者51例(60.7%),输血治疗者33例(39.3%),辅助通气24例(28.6%),需气管插管复苏19例(22.6%),VLBW1总的存活率为90.5%。出生体质量800~1200g的早产儿病死率显著高于出生体质量〉1200~1500g组早产儿(P=0.018)。死亡的主要原因是感染和呼吸系统疾病。结论目前围生医学可使绝大多数VLBW1得以存活。预防感染和积极呼吸支持是降低VLBW1病死率的关键。Objective To explore the high risk factor in peripartum and clinical outcome in very low birth weight infant (VLBW1). Methods The study was a retrospective analysis of 76 women of preterm labour who delivered 84 VLBW1 from Jan. 2003 to Dec. 2006. The immediate neonatal morbidity and mortality were analyzed by dividing patients into 2 groups according to the birth weight ,880 - 1 200 g group and 〉 1 200 - 1 500 g group. Results Amongst the perinatal high risk factors for preteim labour, pregnancy - induced hypertension ( 38.2%, n = 29), multiple births (22.4% ,n = 17), premature rupture of membrane (23.7% ,n = 18) , anaemia during pregnancy (18.4% ,n = 14) , abnormal placenta ( 1 8.4%, n = 14) and in vitro fertilization ( 11.8% , n = 9 ) were common associations. All VLBW1 had at least one complication including jaundice (65.5 %, n = 55 ), hemoglobin 〈 100 g/L (46.4%, n = 39 ), asphyxia ( 34.5%, n = 29 ), apnea ( 33.3 %, n = 28 ), platelet count 〈 100×10^9 L^-1 ( 28.6%, n = 24), respiratory distress syndrome (21.4%, n = 18 ), feed intolerance ( 21.3%, n = 17 ), pneumonia (17.9% ,n = 15), sepsis (8.3% ,n =7) ,bronchopulmonary dysplasia (4.8% ,n =4) , neerotizing enterocolitis (2.5% ,n =2). pulmonary surfactant administration (60.7 % , n = 51 ), blood transfusion (39.3 % , n = 33 ), mechanical ventilation (28.6% ,n = 24 ) , resuscitation with endotracheal tube (22.6% ,n = 19), The survival rate was 90.5% for all VLBW1. The neonatal mortality in babies birth weight 880 - 1 200 g was significantly higher than that in babies birth weight 〉 1 200 - 1 500 g (P =0. 018). Infection and respiratory diseases were the primary causes of death of VLBW1. Conclusions Most VLBW1 are able to survive due to timely intervention, appropriate management and neonatal intensive care unit care facility available in our hospital. The prevention of infections and aggressive respiratory support are the key steps for decreasing mortality of VL
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