车辆驾驶心理负荷测量工具的测评与发展:一个现场研究的尝试  

A New Method to Measure Drivers' Mental Workload——A Field Study in China

作　　者：孙向红[1] 杨帆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理研究所脑与认知科学国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《人类工效学》2008年第3期27-31,共5页Chinese Journal of Ergonomics

基　　金：Motorola实验室资助

摘　　要：测量言语交流对驾驶的影响进而探讨现实可行的驾驶心理负荷测量方法。采用客观驾驶难度(Objective Driving Difficulty,ODD)作为一种新的测量驾驶心理负荷的指标,测量司机在各种难度的路段上,一边完成驾驶任务一边完成言语交流任务时的心理负荷变化,其中,ODD=每分钟的刹车次数+log2车速。7名出租汽车司机参与本实验,记录其言语任务的成绩、每分钟车速与刹车次数、对各路段难度的主观评价以及对完成各种任务时的心理负荷的主观评价(NASA-TLX)。结果显示,ODD与主观驾驶难度评价显著相关(r=0.609),也与NASA-TLX显著相关(r=0.345),ODD可以动态地反映心理负荷的变化,也可以反映出不同的交流任务对驾驶负荷的影响。因此ODD是用于现场实时、准确地测量驾驶心理负荷的行之有效的指标。An index called objective driving difficulty （ODD） was used as a new measure of mental workload （MWL） in driving. ODD was based on braking times per minute （b/m） plus the log2 of vehicle speed. Seven taxi drivers performed four verbal communication tasks while driving under three conditions of road. Under each condition, their performance of verbal tasks, braking times and vehicle speed per minute, subjective difficulty ratings and NASA - TLX ratings were recorded. The main results showed that ODD significantly correlated with both drivers＇ subjective difficulty ratings （ r = . 609） and NASA_TLX ratings （ r = . 345 ）. ODD could not only show the influence of verbal tasks to driving workload, but also an effective index to measure the dynamic variation of real time MWL.

关 键 词：心理负荷 驾驶难度 交通安全 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] U491.254[哲学宗教—心理学]