中华白海豚(Sousa chinensis)组织中多氯联苯的研究  

POLYCHLOROBIPHENYLS(PCBs) IN TISSUES OF HUMPBACKED DOLPHINS SOUSA CHINENSIS IN THE ZHUJIANG(PEARL) RIVER ESTUARY

作　　者：黄健生[1,2] 贾晓平[1] 卢伟华 甘居利[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部渔业生态环境重点开放实验室广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广州510300 [2]东莞市海洋与渔业环境监测站,东莞523888

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2008年第5期462-468,共7页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：科技部科研院所社会公益研究专项,2005DIB3J021号;广东省科技兴海重大项目,A200099E01号。

摘　　要：以珠江口海域的两头中华白海豚为研究对象,采用气相色谱法分析了海豚组织中多氯联苯(PCBs)的含量分布特征和毒性水平。结果表明,PCBs在海豚10种不同组织中的含量范围为25.1—85567.3ng/g,PCBs含量最高的组织为额隆和皮肤,其次为肝脏、肌肉、心脏、睾丸和脑,最低的为肺、胃和肾脏;PCBs同系物和同族物在海豚不同组织中的分布特征相似,同系物中以PCB101+113和PCB153所占总量的百分比最大,在10.25%—51.70%之间;在同族物中以含在同族物中以5个氯原子和6个氯原子的PCBs为主,所占百分比均在23.53%—60.06%之间;运用二毒性当量(TEQ)评价了中华白海豚不同组织中PCBs的毒性,其TEQs范围为55.9—68191.0pg/g,其中皮肤TEQs含量最高。TEQs主要来自非邻位取代的PCBs,占总量的74.15%—99.62%,其中来自PCB 126的占34.11%—96.51%。与世界其他海域海豚的PCBs污染水平相比,成年中华白海豚受PCBs污染严重,其体内的PCBs含量和毒性当量均已超出安全浓度范围,对其健康已造成威胁。Humpbacked dolphins （Sousa chinensis） in the Zhujiang （Pearl） River Estuary, the South China were studied in gas chromatography （GC） for PCBs contents in 10 tissues of the dolphin. 43 PCBs congeners were detected in concentration between 25.1-85567.3ng/g in a descending order from melon, skin, liver, muscle, heart, testicle, brain, stomach, kidney, and lungs. The distributions of PCBs congeners and PCBs homologs groups in the tissues are similar. PCB101＋113 and PCB153 were the major PCBs taking 10.25%-51.70% of the total. The contents of hexachlorobiphenyls and penta- chlorobiphenyls were the two highest in all the PCBs homologs groups, accounting for 23.53%-60.06%. Toxicity of the PCBs were assessed using toxic equivalent （TEQ） 2,3,7,8-tetrachlor-dioxin. The TEQ of PCB in tissues of the dolphin ranged 55.9 - 68191.0pg/g, and the highest TEQ was found in skin. Non-ortho congeners were the major contributor to the toxicity, occupying 74.15%-99.62%, and PCB126 had the greatest contribution to the total TEQs, accounting for 34.11%-96.51%. Compared with TEQs of the other dolphins from different waters in the world, the TEQs of PCBs in mature humpbacked dolphin was at relatively high level, and had caused potential adverse effects on its health.

关 键 词：多氯联苯 中华白海豚 分布特征 毒性分析 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]