春季分施氮肥对新麦草种子产量及氮肥利用率的影响  

The Effects of Split-nitrogen Application in Spring on Seed Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Russian Wildrye

作　　者：江生泉[1] 李德荣[2] 韩建国[1] 刘富渊 张泽宏 王赟文[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草地研究所,北京100193 [2]江西农业大学农学院,南昌330045 [3]成都大业国际投资股份有限公司甘肃总部,酒泉735009

出　　处：《草地学报》2008年第5期512-517,共6页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划子课题(2006BAD16B02-2)

摘　　要：本文研究了春季分施氮肥对新麦草(Psathyrostachys juncea(Fisch.)Nevski)肥料利用率、种子产量构成要素和种子产量的影响,旨在提高种子产量和氮肥利用效率。结果表明,在春季总施氮量为200 kg/hm2N的条件下,返青期和抽穗初期分次施肥(1:1),种子产量达到2761.8 kg/hm2,较春季不施肥处理、返青期和抽穗期一次施肥分别增产117%、113%和61%;与返青期施氮肥相比,抽穗初期施氮肥表现出小穗数/生殖枝和小花数/小穗增加,而生殖枝数/m2和种子数/小穗略有减少;而返青期和抽穗初期分施氮肥可以发挥两个时期的施氮肥效应,种子产量构成要素的各项指标均达到最高;返青期与抽穗初期分施氮肥处理的种子生产氮素利用效率与返青期一次施肥的效果相当,但其氮肥表观回收率更高,抽穗初期一次施肥处理的干物质量和种子生产效率,以及氮肥表观回收率均最低。Aimed to increase seed yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency, the effect of split-nitrogen application in spring on the seed yield, seed components and nitrogen use efficiency in Russian wildrye （Psathyrostachysjuncea （Fisch.） Nevski） was studied. Split application of 100 kg N per hm^2 at regreening stage and early earing stage respectively with a total spring nitrogen application of 200 kg N per hm^2 resulted in the highest seed yield of 2761.8 kg hm^2, which was 117% higher than the control with no nitrogen application. Seed yield increased of 113% and 61% than the control by the treatments which applied 200 kg N per hm^2 once either at regreening stage or at early earing stage, respectively. Compared with the N application once at regreening stage, spikelet no. per fertile tiller and floret no. per spikelet were increased and fertile tiller no. per m^2 and seed no. per spikelet decreased by applying N fertilizer once at early earing stage. A maximum value was reached for each seed yield component under the split N application in spring which utilized the advantages of nitrogen application at both regreening and early earing stages. The nitrogen seed production efficiency （NSPE） of the spring-split N application treatment was approximately same as the treatment that applied nitrogen fertilizer once at regreening stage, but the apparent nitrogen recovery percent cy, inc that ap age （ANP） was luding nitrogen plied N fertilizer higher in split N application treatment. All indices of nitrogen utilization efficiendry matter production efficiency, NSPE and ANP, were lowest for the treatment once at early earing stage.

关 键 词：新麦草 氮肥 种子产量 氮肥利用率 氮肥回收率 

分 类 号：S812[农业科学—草业科学]