北太平洋鲑鱼渔业管理及我国的对策研究  

Management of Salmon Fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean and Chinese Countermeasures

作　　者：闫新刚[1] 黄硕琳[2] 姜作发[3] 刘艳红[2] 陈蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学经济管理学院,上海200090 [2]上海海洋大学海洋科学学院,上海200090 [3]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,哈尔滨150070

出　　处：《资源科学》2008年第10期1585-1591,共7页Resources Science

基　　金：上海市重点学科基金(编号:T1103)

摘　　要：鲑鱼渔业管理及其渔业资源的可持续利用已成为国际上十分关注的问题。本文对北太平洋鲑鱼的种类、鱼源国、洄游分布等资源状况进行分析,并对北太平洋鲑鱼渔业管理国际公约及我国政府采取一系列保护鲑鱼的措施进行讨论,指出了我国鲑鱼渔业管理中存在的主要问题:①黑龙江中上游是中俄界河,下游经俄罗斯境内注入鄂霍次克海,每年溯河洄游的鲑鱼在到达黑龙江中游与乌苏里江我国境内之前就被大量捕捞;②我国作为溯河性鱼类的鱼源国之一,至今尚未获得参与管理北太平洋鲑鱼资源的权利;③我国存在过度捕捞及渔业水域污染等问题。建议:①提高中俄渔业合作水平;②加入《北太平洋溯河性鱼类性鱼类资源养护公约》;③提高鲑鱼增殖放流的能力;④加强关于鲑鱼资源状况的调查工作;⑤保护水域环境。Salmon is a typical anadromous fish with high economic value. In 1982, Article 66 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea （UNCLOS） specifically stated the principles of how to use and conserve anadromous fish. Later, the Convention for the Conservation of Anadromous Stocks in the North Pacific Ocean was signed in 1992. The signatories currently include Canada, Japan, South Korea, the Russian Federation, and the United States. The North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission was established under the Convention for the Conservation of Anadromous Stocks in the North Pacific Ocean. The committee＇s primary objective is to promote the conservation of anadromous fishes in the Convention Area and to advance the sustainable development of anadromous fisheries in the North Pacific Ocean. This convention has played an important role in stabilizing salmon catches among the contracting parties. Fishery management of salmon and sustainable utilization of fishery resources have become an international concern. This paper summarizes the species of North Pacific Ocean salmon, the origin of anadromous stocks, and migration distribution. Second, it discusses international conventions for fishery management of North Pacific Ocean salmon. Third, it analyzes a series of protection measures taken for Oncorhynchus keta, Oncorhynchus mason, and Oncorhynchus gorbuscha. Last, this paper also analyzes some main issues with fishery management of salmon in China. The upper and middle reaches of Heilongjiang River at the Sino-Russian border and its lower reaches run through Russia and flow into the Okhotsk Sea. Every year many salmon are caught in the lower reaches and the estuary of Heilongjiang River before arriving at the middle reaches of Heilongjiang River and Wusuli River in China. Despite being the location of origin for the North Pacific Ocean salmon, China does not yet have the right to participate in management. Some problems still exist in China, such as over-fishing and water pollution, which cause a decline in sa

关 键 词：溯河 鲑鱼 渔业管理 对策 

分 类 号：F326.4[经济管理—产业经济]