接触棉尘新工人呼吸系统症状及功能的前瞻性观察  

A Prospective Study on Respiratory Symptoms and Functions in New Employees Exposed to Cotton Dust

作　　者：马庆晏[1] 李德鸿[1] 钟毓娜[1] 周晓燕[1] 陈巍[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国预防医学科学院劳动卫生职业病研究所

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》1997年第6期355-357,共3页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：为了观察棉尘病的发生及其自然发展史，对６０名棉纺厂新工人进行了５年的前瞻性随访。结果发现，接尘后出现咳嗽、咳痰及呼吸道刺激症状者在暴露初期较多，胸部紧束感在暴露１年时达高峰，且一直保持在较高的水平，分层分析未见其与吸烟及特异体质等因素有关。班后一秒钟用力呼气容积的下降随暴露时间延长呈现出逐渐加重的趋势，棉花抗原皮试阳性者表现尤为突出，而吸烟对此没有影响。Sixty new employees in a cotton textile mill were followed up for five years to study their occurrence of byssinosis and its natural history. Results showed that the workers complained more cough, expectoration and other respiratory irritation symptoms at their early exposure to cotton dust, and the frequency of chest tightness in them reached the peak one year after exposure and remained at higher level later. Stratified analysis showed that all the respiratory symptoms did not correlate with their smoking habits, specific body constitution, etc. Forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) after shift declined with length of exposure and appeared a tendency to exacerbate gradually, especially in workers with a positive skin test of cotton antigen. Smoking had no influence on it. It suggests that exposure to cotton dust and idiosyncracy of the workers play important roles in damage to lung function.

关 键 词：粉尘 呼吸系统症状 呼吸功能试验 

分 类 号：R134.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]