太湖流域土壤重金属元素污染历史的重建:以Pb、Cd为例  

Reconstruction of the regional soil pollution history by heavy metals in Taihu lake drainage area:taking Pb and Cd as examples.

作　　者：成杭新[1] 赵传冬[2] 庄广民[2] 夏威岚[3] 刘英汉[2] 杨柯[2] 聂海峰[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学化学与分子工程学院,北京100871 [2]中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所,河北廊坊065000 [3]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《地学前缘》2008年第5期167-178,共12页Earth Science Frontiers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40673066);国家重点基础研究发展计划"973"项目(G1999045707);国土资源大调查项目(200420130002;200414200011)

摘　　要：太湖是位于长江下游的一个大型浅水湖泊,通过对4个代表太湖不同沉积环境的湖底沉积剖面的137Cs和210Pb沉积定年,重建太湖湖底沉积物和太湖来水流域土壤Cd、Pb的污染历史。结果显示:1980年以前,太湖底积物中Cd、Pb含量与流域内的自然背景含量相当,1980年以后,湖底沉积物中的Cd、Pb含量显著增高,这与我国大规模工业化进程的起始时间基本一致,推测工业化进程是湖底沉积物中Cd、Pb含量增加的主要原因。1900年以来太湖湖底沉积物中累积含有Cd和Pb分别为146t和25980t,其中苕溪来水提供的Cd和Pb分别为40t、6777t,宜溧河来水提供的Cd、Pb分别为36t、6023t,其他来水(洮、滆、运河)提供的Cd、Pb分别为71t、13179t,其他来水是太湖Cd、Pd累积的主要输入途径。Cd、Pb累积的高峰期为20世纪80—90年代,1980年以来,运河来水Cd、Pb的输出通量为28.26t、3419t;苕溪流域Cd、Pb的输出总量分别为13.70t、1585t,其中人为源的Cd、Pb为8.90t、610t,人为源输出的Cd、Pb通量占总输出量的64.96%和38.47%;宜溧河流域Cd、Pb的输出总量分别为10.09t、1063t,人为源的Cd、Pb分别6.96t和500t,人为源输出的Cd、Pb通量占总输出量的68.68%和47.08%,表明太湖流域人类活动所导致的Cd已超过自然剥蚀过程,因此削减工业化进程中的Cd、Pb排放总量,控制太湖运河来水的输出通量是改善太湖底积物Cd、Pb环境质量的关键措施。The Taihu Lake located at the lower reaches of Yangtze River is a shallow large lake. The Cd and Pb pollution history of sediments of the Taihu Lake and the soils of its intake areas has been reconstructed based on ^137Cs and ^210pb depositional dating at 4 sections representing different depositional environments. The resuits show that the Cd and Pb concentrations in the lake sediments were roughly equal to that of background level in the intake areas before 1980; while since then the concentrations have become considerably higher, which is just basically corresponding to the industrialization progress there. It is thus inferred that the industri-alization has been the main reason for the increase in Cd and Pb concentrations in the lake sediments. The accu mulated amounts of Cd and Pb in the lake sediments have been 146 t and 25980 t respectively since 1900, among them 40 t and 6777 t were due to the intake from Tiaoxi river, 36 t and 6023 t from Yili river, and 71 t and 13179 t from other rivers （say Tiao river, Ge river and the Grand Canal）, respectively. It is seen that the above mentioned other rivers have been the main sources for the accumulated Cd and Pb in the Taihu Lake. The peak period of the accumulation was 80-90s of the last century. The outputs of Cd and Pb from the Grand Canal have been 28.26 t and 3419 t since 1980, respectively; while the total outputs of Cd and Pb from the basin of Tiao river have been 13.70 t and 1585 t, among them 8.90 t of Cd and 610 t of Pb have been due to hu- man activities, corresponding to 64.96%and 38.47% of the total outputs of Cd and Pb respectively. The total outputs of Cd and Pb from the basin of Yili river have been 10.09 t and 1063 t since 1980, respectively, among them 6.96 t of Cd and 500 t of Pb have been due to human activities, corresponding to 68.68% and 47.08% of the total outputs of Cd and Pb respectively. It shows that the accumulation of Cd due to human activity has been over that of natural denudation in the Taihu Lake drainage area. The key measur

关 键 词：重金属污染 历史重建 区域土壤 太湖 

分 类 号：P595[天文地球—地球化学]