两种不同株铜绿微囊藻培养液对大型溞的毒性效应研究  

STUDIES ON THE TOXIC EFFECTS OF FILTERED CYANOBACTERIA CULTURE MEDIA OF TWO DIFFERENT STRAINS(MICROCYSTIN-PRODUCING AND MICROCYSTIN-FREE) OF MICROCYSTIS AERUGINOSA ON DAPHNIA MAGNA

作　　者：张世羊[1,2] 成水平[1] 贺锋[1] 庄德辉[1] 吴振斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,淡水生态与生物技术国家重点实验室,武汉430072 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2008年第5期637-642,共6页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目(39925007);国家“十五”科技攻关项目(2002AA60121);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-SW-102)资助

摘　　要：为了探讨铜绿微囊藻对浮游甲壳动物溞类的毒害效应,试验选取了两种不同株系(产毒和非产毒)的藻种,采取利用其培养液的方法,以研究铜绿微囊藻在生长过程中向水体中释放的毒素或类毒素物质对溞类的效应以及比较不同株系间效应的差异性。研究结果表明:(1)试验所选铜绿微囊藻产毒和非产毒株系的培养液均能对大型溞(Daphnia magna)的生长繁殖构成影响,表现为低剂量起促进效应,高剂量起抑制效应;(2)铜绿微囊藻产毒株较非产毒株更能影响大型溞的存活;(3)铜绿微囊藻产毒和非产毒株对大型溞的生长影响差异不大,但对其繁殖却存在明显不同,表现为株系942的抑制效应更强。可以初步推断,在以产毒株铜绿微囊藻为优势种形成"水华"的环境下,大型浮游甲壳动物溞类数量和生物量减少的主要原因可能是由于毒素对溞类较高的致死效应;而以非产毒株形成优势群体的水体里,其主要原因可能并非毒素的效应,而是由于其他原因,如藻类群体的形成阻碍摄食,缺乏必需脂肪酸等。Negative effects of cyanobacteria on crustacean zooplankton Daphnia can be documented widely and several main explainary causes have been proposed（i.e.,toxicity,poor nutritional value,bad taste,and morphology）.But most of the previous studies concentrated on the direct effects of cyanobacteria on Daphnia by adding Microcystis s.alone or in mixtures（such as with Scenedesmus s.）,information on the effects of culture media of Microcystis s.on Daphnia was little.This paper was to explore the harmful effects of info-chemicals released by cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa during growth and to compare the differences in effects of different strains of M.aeruginosa on the crustacean zooplankton Daphnia magna.Filtered cyanobacteria culture media of two different strains（microcystin-producing and microcystin-free） were used in this study.The results were as follow：（1） Both of the culture media of the two strains selected affected the growth and production of D.magna and the results showed that inhibitory effect occurred at high concentrations,while stimulatory effects were detected at low concentrations;（2） Microcystin-producing strain affected the survival of D.magna much more than the microcystin-free strain did;（3） No significant differences in growth of Daphnia were detected between the two strains,but microcystin-producing strain showed stronger inhibitory effects on production than the microcystin-free strain did.Therefore,it can be predicted that,when cyanobacterial blooms were dominated by microcystin-producing strains M.aeruginosa,reduction in abundance and/or biomass of large filter-feeding cladocerans（such as Daphnia） could probably be explained by the high lethal effects of microcystin;but when the phytoplankton community was dominated by microcystin-free strains,the foregoing phenomenon could not be explained by that,and then it should be attributed to other factors,such as lacking essential fatty acids,forming colony which can hamper ingestion or digestion,etc.

关 键 词：铜绿微囊藻 浮游甲壳动物 溞类 毒素 

分 类 号：Q178.12[生物学—水生生物学]