黄喉拟水龟胚胎发育的观察  

OBSERVATION ON THE EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF YELLOW POND TURTLE,MAUREMYS MUTICA CANTOR 1842

作　　者：赵伟华[1] 朱新平[1] 魏成清[1] 杜合军[1] 陈永乐[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2008年第5期649-656,共8页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2004CB117401);广东省海洋与渔业局重点科技项目(2001A09)资助

摘　　要：在恒温(29±0.5)℃,相对湿度为80%—93%,沙盘含水量5%—10%的孵化条件下,观察研究了黄喉拟水龟胚胎的发育过程。黄喉拟水龟胚胎孵化周期为67d,根据胚胎日龄、大小及形态特征变化将整个胚胎发育过程划分为22期,其中1—7期以卵黄囊血管区、体节数目、心脏形态变化为主要分期依据;8—22期主要以四肢、背甲、腹甲变化为分期依据。同时在胚胎生长发育过程中对头宽、眼径、背甲长和背甲宽等器官生长数据进行了测量统计,发现头宽、眼径、背甲长、背甲宽与日龄呈显著正相关关系。在胚胎发育过程中观察卵壳外观变化,通过对照各期的胚胎发育状况与卵壳外观变化发现,第1期胚胎时,卵壳中部开始出现白色受精斑;第5—7期时,受精斑绕卵短径一周成环状;第20—21期时受精斑在卵长径的增长停止。Yellow pond turtle（Mauremys mutica Cantor） is a common fresh water turtle in the south of China and it belongs to Testudinate,Emydidae and Mauremys.Owing to the high value of the turtle in food,remedy and view,people like it very much.In recent years,the resource of yellow pond turtle has been affected and the quantity is sharply reduced because of human＇s activity and the change of environment.Now it is listed as an animal in danger.Artificial propagation and culture are the methods to protect the yellow pond turtle.There were some reports about the reproduction of the turtle,but no reports about the embryonic development of yellow pond turtle.In order to understand the turtle well and to protect this species,the turtle embryonic development was being observed and studied.Under the condition of（29±0.5）℃ temperature,80%—93% relative humidity and 5%—10% moisture content of sand,the yellow pond turtle hatchlings were hatched after 67 days incubation.The period of embryonic development was divided into twenty-two stages according to the embryo daily age,size and morphological characters.The major morphological characters of every stage are described respectively.Stages 1 to 7 were affirmed mainly by size of vitelline vessel area,numbers of somites and shape of heart.Stages 8 to 22 were affirmed mainly by the shape changes of limbs,carapace and plastron.While embryonic developed,some data,such as width of head and eyes,length and width of carapace were measured and statisticed.The results indicated that the relationship among head width,eye width,carapace length,carapace width and daily age were quite significant.With comparison the embryonic development and the changes on shell surface of the fertilized eggs in incubation,some relationship between the stage of embryonic development and white spot of shell were found.At stage 1,a white spot appears on the middle surface of the egg.At stages 5 to 7,the white spot forms a white ring around the egg perimeter and at stages 20 to 21 the width of white rin

关 键 词：黄喉拟水龟 胚胎发育 形态特征 分期 

分 类 号：Q132.4[生物学—普通生物学]