莱州湾南岸滨海湿地的氮、磷循环过程及调控对策  

Biogeochemical circulation and management countermeasures of N and P in coastal wetlands of southern Laizhou Bay

作　　者：张绪良 谷东起[2] 丰爱平[2] 隋玉柱[3] 

机构地区：[1]青岛大学师范学院地理系,青岛266071 [2]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,青岛266061 [3]青岛大学环境科学系,青岛266071

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2008年第5期1127-1133,共7页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40606013)资助

摘　　要：在莱州湾南岸滨海湿地的生物地球化学循环过程中,N、P元素主要来源于通过河流输入的工业废水、城市生活污水、农田地表径流、灌溉余水和海水养殖池养殖废水,通过潮上带、潮间带湿地最终被输送到潮下带近海湿地,引起潮下带近海湿地水体N、P含量的不断升高,2000年通过河流输入到莱州湾南岸的N总量为46 271.1 t,P总量为2 092.1 t。潮上带、潮间带自然湿地的底质、土壤和植物对N、P元素有显著的吸收、净化作用。以2000年为例,若不考虑自然湿地的吸收、净化作用,仅靠水体交换、扩散稀释,输送到潮下带近海湿地的N、P在海水中的含量为6.74 mg.L-1、0.299 mg.L-1,而当年潮下带近海湿地水体N、P含量实测值分别为0.086 mg.L-1、0.029 mg.L-1,计算值分别是实测值的78.4倍、10.3倍;说明自然湿地对输入的N、P有明显的吸收净化效应。为降低莱州湾南岸潮下带近海湿地海水中的N、P含量,提出了发展循环经济,减小莱州湾南岸滨海湿地的N、P输入通量,对自然湿地进行有效的保护和生态恢复,建设人工湿地、提高湿地的环境净化功能等调控措施。In biogeochemical circulation in coastal wetlands of southern Laizhou Bay,the main sources of N and P are industrial and municipal domestic wastewater,surface runoff and superfluous irrigation water from farmlands as well as fishery wastewater.N and P are transported into subtidal wetlands through intertidal and supratidal wetlands,which lead to concentrations of inorganic N and P of seawater rise in subtidal wetlands.This study shows that N and P load in coastal wetlands of southern Laizhou Bay are 46 271.1 tons and 2 092.1 tons in of 2000.Through analysis of the processes of biogeochemical circulation in the coastal wetlands of southern Laizhou Bay,it is discovered that natural coastal wetlands absorb and decompose N and P.Observed concentrations of inorganic N and P in seawater of subtidal wetlands for the year of 2000 are respectively 0.086 mg·L^-1 and 0.029 mg·L^-1,while theoretical concentrations are 6.74 mg·L^-1 and 0.299 mg·L^-1 without regard to N and P absorption by intertidal and supratidal wetlands respectively,78.4 and 10.3 times of observed concentrations,indicating obvious absorbing and purifying effect of natural wetland on input N and P.To decrease the concentration of N and P in the seawaters of southern Laizhou Bay,we need to develope circular economy,decrease the amount of N and P load in coastal wetlands,protect and restore natural wetlands,construct artificial wetlands and enhance purifye functions.

关 键 词：莱州湾南岸滨海湿地氮 磷吸收湿地调控生物地球化学循环 

分 类 号：S593[农业科学—作物学]