中稻花期致害高温主导的田间气象特征及其对不同杂交组合水稻结实的影响  

Temperature-driven climatic factors and their impact on the fertility of hybrid rice at anthesis

作　　者：童志婷[1] 李守华[1] 段维新[1] 邓运[1] 田小海[1] 

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,荆州434025

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2008年第5期1163-1166,共4页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30671218)资助

摘　　要：采用分期播种、大田实地测定法研究了中稻花期致害高温主导的田间气象条件及其对不同杂交组合水稻结实的影响。结果表明,水稻开花期遭遇到的高温与常温相比,白天温度和光照强度在10：00-14：00时差异明显,8：00-10：00和16：00-18：00差异不大。相对湿度同期差异不显著,且高温条件下始终低于常温条件。与常温条件相比,高温使各供试品种的结实率显著降低,平均降低约8%。对高温影响结实率的原因分析表明,高温条件下3个供试品种的花粉活力和每柱授粉数显著降低,平均分别降低6.0%和8.4粒。品种之间的比较分析表明,高温条件下3个供试品种的结实率无显著差异;但与“汕优63”相比,“金优448”和“两优培九”高温和常温下的结实率、花粉活力和每柱花粉数相差较大,说明“汕优63”较另外2个品种对高温的反应相对较小,稳定性较强。Different sowing times and on-farm observation are used to investigate field climatic factors coinstantaneous with harmful high temperatures and their effects on hybrid rice fertility at anthesis for the year 2005. The results show that daytime temperature and light density in high and normal temperature periods are significantly different in the hours of 10：00 - 14：00, but much similar in the hours of 8：00 - 10：00 and 16：00 - 18：00. Though daytime relative humidity is lower in high temperature than in normal temperature periods, the difference is insignificant. High temperature-driven climatic factors induce significant poor seedsetting, decreasing on the average of 8.0% for three cultivars. Under high temperature-driven conditions, the percent of pollen vigor and pollen number per stigma decrease sharply, up to 6.0% and 8.4 pollens respectively, when compared with normal temperature conditions. Seed-setting rate, however, shows no significant difference among three cultivars. Comparison to ＂Shanyou63＂, ＂Jinyou448＂ and ＂Liangyoupeijiu＂ show a relatively large difference in seed-setting rate, percent pollen vigor and pollination per stigma under the two climatic conditions. This implies that ＂Shanyou63＂ is more tolerant to high temperature-driven climatic conditions than the other two hybrids.

关 键 词：中稻 高温 结实率 授粉 气象条件 

分 类 号：S511.003[农业科学—作物学]