人称代词复数形式单数化的类型意义  

The Singularization of Plural Personal Pronouns:a Typological Perspective

作　　者：陈玉洁[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学汉语史研究中心/语言与认知研究中心,310028

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2008年第5期39-46,共8页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金十五规划重点项目"名词短语句法结构的类型学比较"(项目编号:03AYY002)的研究成果

摘　　要：本文主要考察汉语中始于领属结构的人称代词复数形式的单数化,复数形式的单数意义由领属语位置会逐渐扩展到主语和宾语位置。核心名词的私有化或公有化程度是影响单数化的关键因素。始于领属结构的单数化遵循着如下等级序列:1.从核心的语义特征来看:集体单位>一般称谓、亲属称谓>一般名词;2.从复数人称代词自身特征来看:第一人称、第二人称>第三人称。始于领属语的单数化可用Grice提出的会话合作原则等语用原则进行解释。另外语言中还存在由第二人称代词复数到尊称单数的单数化。This paper explores the process of the singulafization of plural personal pronouns in Chinese genitive constructions, and points out that the private grade of the head noun determines the degree of singularization. In the present paper, we are mainly concerned with three hierarchies related to this kind of singularization. 1 ） collectivity terms 〉 ordinary terms, kinship terms 〉 common nouns. This hierarchy is about the features of the head noun, which indicates that the change is easier in left position than that in the right ; 2） first person and second person 〉 third person. This hierarchy means that first and second person plural pronouns always get singular meaning more easily than third person plural pronouns do. It is concluded that this kind of singularization can be explained by Grice＇ s Cooperative Principle of Communication. The article also points out another type of singularization： second person plural pronouns to honorific singular forms.

关 键 词：复数人称代词 单数化 领属语 私有化程度 敬称 

分 类 号：H136[语言文字—汉语]