公共建筑环境下行人行为特性及拥挤机理研究综述  

Review on Pedestrian Behavior Characteristics and Crowding Mechanism in Public Buildings

作　　者：胡清梅[1] 方卫宁[1] 李广燕[1] 贾玉泉[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室

出　　处：《中国安全科学学报》2008年第8期68-73,共6页China Safety Science Journal

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金资助(9052007);国家自然科学基金资助(50308002);轨道交通控制与安全国家重点实验室开放课题基金资助(SKL2007K004)

摘　　要：介绍国内外对于公共建筑环境下行人行为特性及拥挤机理方面的研究成果,主要包括:自由流情况下的行人运动速度,人群运动的最佳密度,行人的年龄、文化、性别、退让距离、温度、旅行目的、运动方向和建筑设施类型对行人流速度和流量的影响,以及行人流的密度和速度关系。成果显示:各国学者在人群的速度、密度和流量之间的相互关系方面研究较多,所得的结论趋于一致;但对于影响行人流速度和流量的各种因素并没有进行深入的研究,尤其是拥挤情况下行人的心理状态和拥挤事故的相互关系。This paper introduces the latest achievements of pedestrian traffic flow characteristics and crowding mechanism in public buildings, which involves pedestrian walking speeds under free-flow conditions, the optimum density of pedestrians, the influences of some factors on the fundamental flow-density diagram, such as age, gender, distance to shy away, temperature, travel purpose, type of infrastructure and walking direction, and the speed-density relations. The results show that the researchers from various countries mainly focus their study on the relations between speed, flow, and density deeply, and their conclusions are consistent. But they didn＇t make a deep study on those factors that influence the flow and density of pedestrians, especially on the relations between pedestrian mental state and accidents under Crowding condition.

关 键 词：公共建筑环境 行人行为特性 拥挤机理 影响因素 心理状态 

分 类 号：X928.03[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TB18[一般工业技术]