油菜细胞质雄性不育及恢复的分子机理研究进展  

Progress on molecular mechanisms of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in rapeseed

作　　者：沈金雄[1] 万正杰[1] 景兵[1] 熊秋芳[1] 傅廷栋[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室／国家油菜工程技术研究中心湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2008年第3期374-383,共10页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2007CB109005)

摘　　要：对油菜来说,细胞质雄性不育决定于线粒体基因组中的不育基因,质、核基因间的互作表现在核育性恢复基因对质不育基因的表达调控上,那种认为油菜CMS的产生是简单的质核不配套、不协调的结果而完全忽略线粒体基因组中不育基因的存在与作用是不科学的。油菜CMS的产生是线粒体基因组DNA发生重排造成的,已知油菜线粒体不育基因主要有orf224、orf138|orf125、orf263、orf193、orf222等,这些基因通常与atp6、atp8或atp9等线粒体功能基因嵌合共转录,但这些基因的作用机制仍不清楚。油菜pol CMS、nap CMS和ogu CMS的育性恢复基因不直接对不育基因的转录产生作用,而表现为转录后或翻译水平上的调控,使得不育基因的表达受到抑制而恢复CMS的育性。今后一段时间油菜CMS相关研究重点在于分析不育基因的结构特征与来源,在此基础上阐述不育基因的作用机理以及育性恢复的分子机制。In rapeseed, the cytoplasmic male sterility （CMS） is controlled by mitochondrial sterile gene （s）. The interactions between nuclear and cytoplasmic genes are expressed by the regulation of nuclear restorer gene（s） on cytoplasmic gene（s）. There is no scientific evidence that the CMS in rapeseed was simply caused by the nuclear-cytoplasmic incompatibilities or imbalances, which may have completely ignored the presence and action of the specific mitoehondrial CMS gene（s）. The CMS in rapeseed may be generated from the rearrangements in mitochondrial DNA. Until now,the known rapeseed mitochondrial CMS genes are orf224 ,orf138 ｜orf125, orf263, orf193 and orf222. These orfs are often located in the flanking regions of the mitochondrial genes related to ATP synthesis complexes, such as atp6, atp8 and atp9, which are co- transcribed together. But the mechanisms of these CMS genes were still unknown. The nuclear restorer genes of pol, ogu and nap CMSs restore the CMS fertility by suppressing the expression of mitochondrial CMS genes throughout post - transcriptional processing of mitochondrial transcripts or translational modification of CMS - related proteins, but did not interfere with transcription of CMS genes directly. Based on the exploration of structural characteristics and origins of CMS genes, future studies will focus on the molecular mechanisms of cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration in rapeseed.

关 键 词：油菜 细胞质雄性不育 基因 分子机制 

分 类 号：S565.403[农业科学—作物学]