马尾松人工林更新前后鸟类群落结构分析  

A Comparison of Bird Community Structure between the Primary Pine Plantation and the Secondary Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Zhejiang,China

作　　者：蒋科毅[1,2] 于明坚[2] 李必成[3] 丁平[2] 徐学红[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,国家林业局杭州湾湿地生态系统定位研究站,浙江富阳311400 [2]浙江大学生命科学学院,浙江杭州310058 [3]上海科技馆研究设计院,上海200127 [4]中国科学院植物研究所植物生态学研究中心,北京100093

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2008年第5期640-646,共7页Forest Research

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(G2000046803);国家自然科学基金项目(30070131);浙江省科技厅重点项目(2005C22072);浙江省与中国林科院林业科技合作项目(2005SY09)

摘　　要：采用25m固定半径样点法,对浙江省象山县的20～30龄马尾松人工林及其受松材线虫侵袭12a后长成的常绿阔叶林中的鸟类群落进行了调查,并结合植被结构差异方面进行了比较分析。结果显示,处于优势地位的取食集团,在马尾松林中为林下杂食鸟、可变高度食虫鸟及低层叶簇食虫鸟,在常绿阔叶林中为林下杂食鸟和中层林冠食虫鸟;在马尾松林转变为常绿阔叶林过程中,低层叶簇食虫鸟、林下杂食鸟和林下灌草丛筑巢鸟数量开始减少。马尾松林与其受侵袭产生的常绿阔叶演替林之间,记录的总物种数量分别为26和25种,鸟类物种多样性和均匀度均无显著差异,鸟类群落相似性系数达到了约0.65,这可能在于两种植被物种组成上存在一定的继承性的缘故;而马尾松林由于拥有发育良好的林下植被及相应的更多的食物资源和更为适宜的林下层取食和筑巢环境,鸟类平均多度显著更高。结果表明,拥有包括木荷幼苗在内的良好林下植被的马尾松中龄林,能在遭受松材线虫病后的10a左右时间内迅速更新为具有郁闭林冠的以木荷为主要建群种的常绿阔叶林;在马尾松林转变为常绿阔叶林后,鸟类群落的多样性并不会下降。The evergreen broad-leaved forest was one type of generally the first major secondary forests following pine deaths by the pine wood nematode. Bird community was investigated in the mid-aged pine forest and evergreen broad-leaved forest infested for 12 years by the pine wood nematode. The comparison study showed that in studied area, the bird species diversity and evenness didn＇t differ significantly between the pine forest and the evergreen broad-leaved forest, and the total species number of the two type forests were 26 and 25 respectively, but bird abundance of the pine forest showed a significantly higher value than that of the evergreen broad-leaved forest. Besides, the composition of species was similar between the two type habitats and Jaccard＇s similarity index was about 0.65. Our results suggested that the evergreen broad-leaved forest studied succeeded to 〉 50% species from the primary pine forest, which led to similar vegetation composition between the two type habitats and similar bird community composition correspondingly, and on the contrary with well-developed understory, the pine forest had significantly higher bird community abundance for the well-developed understory supported a richer food resource and sufficient foraging and nesting sites for many birds. In the studied area, the avian diversity wouldn＇ t decrease following the succession from pine forest to evergreen broad-leaved forest.

关 键 词：马尾松 常绿阔叶林 鸟类群落结构 

分 类 号：S791.248[农业科学—林木遗传育种]