不同磷肥对砷超富集植物蜈蚣草修复砷污染土壤的影响  

Effects of Different forms of P Fertilizers on Phytoremediation for As-Contaminated Soils Using As-Hyperaccumulator Pteris vittata L.

作　　者：廖晓勇[1] 陈同斌[1] 阎秀兰[1] 谢华[1] 肖细元[1] 翟丽梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《环境科学》2008年第10期2906-2911,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863)项目(2006AA10Z405);国家自然科学基金项目(40771184);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD17B04);中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所知识创新三期项目

摘　　要：施肥是提高重金属污染土壤的植物修复效率的必要强化措施之一.通过研究农业生产中常用磷肥对砷超富集植物蜈蚣草生长、砷累积及氮磷钾吸收的影响,确定可提高蜈蚣草修复砷污染土壤能力的最佳磷肥类型.结果表明,与不施砷对照组相比,添加砷处理中施用相应磷肥的蜈蚣草总生物量中蜈蚣草均有所降低(除钙镁磷肥外);在添加砷的情况下,钙镁磷肥、磷酸二氢钙和磷酸二氢铵等3个施磷处理总生物量相对较高,显著高于其他磷肥处理和不施磷处理(0.83g/pot);地上部砷累积量由大到小的顺序为:磷酸二氢钙>钙镁磷肥>磷酸二氢铵>磷酸二氢钾>磷酸二氢钠>不施磷>>过磷酸钙;磷酸二氢钙处理的砷去除效率高达7.28%.由此可见,磷肥能一定程度提高砷超富集植物的修复能力,但不同磷肥对其砷去除效率的影响可达数倍之差,磷酸二氢钙是首选磷肥类型,综合考虑土壤pH、N、P和有效态砷等各种因子,磷酸二氢铵和钙镁磷肥也可作备选肥料类型.Fertilization has become one of the essential measures for enhancing efficiency of phytoremediating contaminated soils with heavy metal. In order to screen optimal P fertilizer for As-phytoremediation, a greenhouse study was conducted on the growth, As-accumulation and uptake of N, P and K by Pteris vittata L. in As-contaminated soils with different forms of P fertilizers. The results indicated that the biomass of plant with As addition decreased compared to no As-addition treatments except fused calcium magnesium phosphate （CaMg-P） treatment. The plants in As addition soils with CaMg-P, calcium dihydrogen phosphate （CDP） and di-ammonium phosphate （DAP） had higher biomass than those with other P fertilizer and control （0.g3 g/pot）. The As accumulations of plant aboveground in As addition soils are in order of CDP 〉 CaMg-P 〉 DAP 〉 Potassium Phosphate Monobasic 〉 Monosodium phosphate 〉 control 〉〉 Calcium superphosphate. The efficiency of As removal from As addition soils with CDP was the highest, 7.28 %. Thus it can be seen the ability of phytoremediation using P. vittata could be improved by P fertilization, which CDP should be recommended preferentially and CaMg-P and DAP is considered as replaceable fertilizer for sake of pH, N, P and available As in phytoremediated soils.

关 键 词：蜈蚣草 砷 磷肥 植物修复 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]