异源冷冻精子诱导大菱鲆的雌核发育  

Induction of gynogenesis in Scophthalmus maximus by heterologous sperms of Lateolabrax japonicus

作　　者：苏鹏志[1,2] 陈松林[2] 杨景峰[2] 田永胜[2] 翟介明 孙礼娟 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,山东青岛266003 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,农业部海洋渔业资源可持续利用重点开放实验室,山东青岛266071 [3]山东莱州明波水产有限公司,山东莱州266031

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2008年第5期715-721,共7页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2006AA10A403);国家自然科学基金项目(30570259);山东省泰山学者工程专项.

摘　　要：采用冷冻保存的鲈（Lateolabraxjaponicus）精液不经紫外线照射直接与大菱鲆（Scophthalmusmaximus）卵进行杂交，可以刺激大菱鲆卵进行胚胎发育，胚胎发育率（发育至原肠期后胚胎成形的卵占总卵数的百分比）可达79．1％。通过与精子照射组单倍体发育过程等对比观察发现，杂交后代为大菱鲆的单倍体。如果在“受精”后2～10min内将大菱鲆卵在0～6℃冷休克处理10～50min，均能诱导卵子染色体加倍。对冷休克处理条件的筛选结果表明，在0℃条件下，卵子在受到鲈鱼精子刺激后6min开始进行冷休克处理25min，二倍体孵化率（雌核二倍体苗占受精卵的百分比）最高，可达34．8％。通过对各实验组卵发育情况的跟踪观察，发现单倍体与雌核发育二倍体在发育过程中有明显的差异，这种差异最早出现在8细胞期。单倍体胚胎头部发育不正常，眼泡较小，身体短且扭曲较严重，从肌节期开始沉积大量的黑色素颗粒。仔鱼孵化1周内单倍体即全部死亡。与正常二倍体对照组相比较，证明所得正常形态仔鱼即为雌核发育二倍体。The study aims to establish the method of gynogenesis induction in turbot （Scophthalmus maximus）by heterologous sperms of sea perch （Lateolabrax japonicus）. Sperms of L. japonicus whether irradiated by UV light or not, both can stimulate S. maximus eggs to start development process. Besides, embryonic development of the two groups is entirely the same. Turbot eggs were fertilized with untreated and UV light treated sperms of sea perch, respectively. Embryonic development rate of untreated group is almost 79.1% and that of treated group was 47.6%. Put into 13℃ seawater, the eggs hatched out after about 95 h. Because the genome is not doubled, both of them exhibit aberrant development. The embryos are deformed, with shorter tails, and hard to hatch. Only a few can hatch out. They present ＂haploid syndrome＂ such as small brain, shorter body axes, weak activition and difficult hatching. So, it can be concluded that the hybridization fries of turbot eggs and sea perch sperms are haploids. When the fertilized eggs are maintained at 13℃ before any treatment, chromosome diploid is achieved by early cold shocks starting at 2-10 rain after fertilization, at -1-6℃ and for 10-50 min durations. For obtaining the maximal hatching rate of diploid （proportion of diploids to fertilized eggs） in this species （34.8%）, the optimal cold shock starts at 6 min after fertilization, at -1.5-0℃ and continues for 25 min. The haploids die out after 5-7 days and the left ones are turbot gynogenesis diploids. There is no difference between gynogenesis diploid and common diploid and no crossbreed individuals of S. maximus and L. japoniaus are found. By comparing the development rate and morphological characteristics of common diploid, haploid and manually induced gynogenesis diploid embryos, it can be concluded that there are significant differences in embryonic development rate among them. The development rate of common diploid and haploid is higher than that of manually induced gynogenesis diploid. In morphologica

关 键 词：大菱鲆 鲈 精子 雌核发育 冷休克 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]