盐度对咸海卡拉白鱼生长及组织学特征的影响  

Effects of salinity on growth and histological characteristics of Chalcalburnus chalcoides aralensis

作　　者：王信海[1] 蔺玉华[1] 姜秋俚[1] 姜爱兰[2] 周伯文[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所 [2]华中师范大学生命科学学院,湖北武汉430079 [3]大连水产学院生命科学与技术学院,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2008年第5期808-815,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：黑龙江省科技厅国际科技合作项目(WC04207);农业部“948”引进项目(963086);国家外国专家局示范项目(Y20052300002).

摘　　要：将咸海卡拉白鱼(Chalcalburnus chalcoides aralensis)在不同盐度(0.24、2.12、3.95、5.90、7.64、9.38、11.32、13.62、15.55)水体中饲养30d后,在盐度11.32以下的实验组鱼的成活率为100%;盐度13.62时,24h全部死亡;盐度15.55时,12h死亡率达100%。盐度为2.12和3.95组实验鱼的日均增重和特定生长率与对照组(盐度为0.24组)无明显差异(P>0.05);盐度为5.90和7.64组鱼的日均增重和特定生长率均低于对照组(P<0.05),生长受到抑制;盐度为3.95、5.90和7.64组鱼的血糖浓度均低于对照组(P<0.05);盐度为5.90和7.64组肝脏谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。组织学观察发现,低盐度(2.12和3.95)组鱼与对照组相比无病理性变化。而中盐度(5.90和7.64)组鱼的鳃上皮细胞发生肥大、增厚;肝细胞发生肿大,细胞变形;肾小囊体积缩小,肾小球囊腔增大;各级肾小管出现萎缩,管腔缩小。高盐度(9.38和11.32)组鱼鳃上皮细胞增厚,水肿加重,鳃上皮隆起,上皮细胞坏死和脱落;肝细胞肿大加重,部分细胞核溶解出现肝组织空泡化;肾小囊严重萎缩、退化,肾小球囊腔继续增大;肾小管上皮细胞坏死,出现肾充血。生长、生化指标和组织学观测结果表明,咸海卡拉白鱼生长的最适盐度为5.90以下。Chalcalburnus chalcoides aralensis were exposed to various salinity of 0.24,2.12, 3.95,5.90, 7.64, 9.38, 11.32, 13.62 and 15.55 for 30 days. Group under 0.24 salinity was the control. Survival rate was 100% at salinity of 11.32 over the experiment period, while all fish were dead at salinity of 13.62 in 24 h and at salinity of 15.55 in 12 h. Daily average body weight gain and specific growth rates of salinity 2.12 and 3.95 groups were not significantly different from those of control group （P〉0.05）. Daily average body weight gain and specific growth rates of groups of salinity 5.90 and 7.64 were significantly lower than those of control group （P〈0.05）. Serum glucose concentration of fish exposed to salinity of 3.95,5.90 and 7.64 was apparently lower than that of control group （P〈0.05）. Glutamic pyravic transaminase （GPT） activity of liver was significantly higher in groups of fish exposed to salinity 5.90 and 7.64 than that of control group （P〈0.05）. Histological observation indicated that no pathological changes in groups of low salinity （2.12 and 3.95） were observed. But as for groups of middle salinity （5.90 and 7.64）, gills presented epithelial hypertrophy and edema. Some liver cells presented hypertrophy and transfignrative. Renal capsules shrinked and lacunas of renal corpuscle enlarged and renal tubules atrophied. In high salinity group （9.38 and 11.32）, gills thickened and presented more aggravate epithelial hypertrophy and edema. Some filament epithelium were lifted, and epithelial cells presented necrotic and defluvium; some nuclei atrophied and were deformed or in a lateral position close to cell membrane. Hepatocytes were highly vacuolated, and focal necrosis occurred after cytolysis and karyolysis. The renal capsules shrinked aggravately, lacunas of renal corpuscle further enlarged and renal tubules also shrinked; some renal tubules were blocked by cells with defluvium and nephredema. The results indicate that the optimum salinity for Chalcalburnus chalcoides r

关 键 词：盐度 NACL 咸海卡拉白鱼 生长 GPT 血糖 组织学特征 

分 类 号：Q959.468[生物学—动物学]