黄海绿潮浒苔的形态学观察及分子鉴定  

Morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analysis of green tide Enteromorpha sp. occurred in the Yellow Sea

作　　者：张晓雯[1] 毛玉泽[1] 庄志猛[1] 柳淑芳[1] 王清印[1] 叶乃好[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2008年第5期822-829,共8页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40706050;40706048);国家科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD01A13);国家高技术发展计划(863计划)项目(2006AA10Z414).

摘　　要：2008年6月初,黄海中南部海域出现罕见的大面积的绿潮现象,经初步鉴定,认为造成本次绿潮的种类为浒苔属(Enteromorpha)藻类,但是其种一级分类地位的确定成为自绿潮爆发以来最有争议的问题之一。本研究采用形态学观察与分子鉴定相结合的方法,对在黄海海域采集的22个浒苔样品及青岛栈桥海域的漂浮浒苔样品进行了鉴定。结果表明,不同站位的浒苔样品均具有主枝,且高度分枝,但丝状体的长度及宽度有较大差异;藻体色泽也有较大差异,有深绿色、鲜绿色和黄绿色之分;藻体细胞大小差异较大;切片观察表明所有样品都具有浒苔典型的管状结构,且细胞位于单层藻体的中央;ITS及5.8SrDNA序列分析表明23个浒苔样品序列完全一致,由此确定这些浒苔样品均属于同一种浒苔属浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)。Green tide is one of the major environmental problems over the world. Ulva and Enteromorpha are two of the best known marine green alga genera, which widely distribute in marine, freshwater and brackish environments throughout the world and are responsible for widespread green tides. Approximately 80 species are now included in Enteromorpha genera, of which only 11 species are currently recognized in China. A largescale green tide occurred in the middle and south area of Yellow Sea in June, 2008. The green tide algae were classified as Enteromorpha genera from their morphological characteristics, but their taxonomy at species level was uncertain and became the most controversial issue. In this study, molecular data were used in parallel with morphological characters to resolve the taxonomic problems. Twenty-two samples from Yellow Sea and one freefloating sample from Zhanqiao of Qingdao have been studied. The segment selected for molecular phylogenetic analysis were internal transcribed spacers （ITSI and ITS2） and 5.8S rDNA gene. The results show that all samples have typical morphological characters of Enteromorpha, such as distinct thalli and branches. And the section view showed that all samples form hollow tubes of one cell thick, and the cells particularly locate in the middle of the tube. But they are different in thallus length and width, cell size and colour which are from dark green to light green, and to yellow-green. Molecular phylogenefic analysis was used to test whether they belong to the same species. All the 23 ITS and 5.8S rDNA sequences are identical and they clustered in the same clade with Enteromorpha prolifera in the phylogenetic tree based on the sequences of ITS and 5.8S rDNA, indicating that they belong to the same species of Enteromorpha prolifera.

关 键 词：浒苔 形态学观察 分子鉴定 

分 类 号：S917.3[农业科学—水产科学]