乙烯诱导荔枝小孢子败育途径的超微结构观察  

Ultrastructural observation of the abortion process of litchi microspore induced by ethylene

作　　者：王湘平[1] 赵志虎[2] 王宏国[2] 夏燕[2] 欧阳建树[3] 苏金为[2] 

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学测试中心 [2]福建农林大学生命科学学院 [3]福建农林大学园艺学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《福建农林大学学报（自然科学版）》2008年第5期477-482,共6页Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金资助项目(B0710008)

摘　　要：在荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)花分化过程中,外源乙烯诱导小孢子败育起始于造孢细胞至小孢子母细胞时期.败育过程主要有以下3种方式.(1)造孢细胞的内质网大量增生,分割和吞噬细胞质;细胞核聚集,核染色质形成类似凋亡小体的小球排到细胞质中;小孢子母细胞不能进行减数分裂,细胞原位自溶解体.(2)细胞核偏移贴壁;胼胝质过度沉积,电子密度增高,分布不均匀,不能形成连续的胼胝质壁;溶酶体过度吞噬细胞内含物,细胞结构混乱,质膜破裂,内含物外泻,小孢子母细胞不进行减数分裂,细胞核解体的残物呈丝状.(3)小孢子母细胞减数分裂不正常,出现细胞核和质体穿壁,形成的四分体发育不均衡,相互粘连;小孢子内含物凝聚或空洞无物;87%花粉粒不能萌发.In the process of litchi flower differentiation, the microspore abortion induced by external ethylene starts from the transition period （ from sperogenous cells to microsporocytes）. There are three ways for these abortion process as follows ： （ 1 ） endoplasmic reticalum of sporogenous cells proliferate, which can divide and engulf cell plasmid. Nuclei gather excessively and some small balls, which look like apoptotic bodies, formed by nucleus chromatin are released to cell plasmid. Micresporooytes can not get into miosis status and cells dissolve themselves. （2） Nuclei move to cell wall and callose deposits overly. Electronic density is high and distributes unevenly, which leads them not to form a continuous circle. Cell content are decomposed excessively by lysosome. Plasma contract and cell structure are in a disorder status. Plasmid membrane breaks and cell contents leak out. Microsporocyte can not get into miosis status and the remnants of cell decomposition are in silk shape. （3） Sporogenous cell is divided into two microsprocytes with different sizes by callose and callose also distributes unevenly. Miosis shows an abnormal status, nuclei, chromatin and plasmid transfer through cell wall. Formed tetrads develop asynchronously and attach to each other. Microspores are empty or filled with gathered contents. Most of the pollens can not germinate.

关 键 词：乙烯 荔枝 小孢子败育 超微结构 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]