人工髋关节假体材料的生物相容性问题分析  

Biocompatibility of hip prosthesis materials

作　　者：李业海[1] 徐俊杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]巢湖市第一人民医院骨二科,安徽省巢湖市238000

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》2008年第39期7699-7702,共4页Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research

摘　　要：人工髋关节置换是治疗多种髋关节疾病终末期病变最普遍而最有效的方法。目前用于置换的人工关节材料主要有金属材料、陶瓷材料、有机高分子材料及复合材料等,但都面临着不同程度的问题。金属材料容易变形和松动,释放的金属离子和颗粒,一方面增大了磨损率,另一方面具有潜在的毒性。高分子材料与相邻的股骨头发生相互作用时容易受到磨损,磨损碎屑与巨噬细胞反应会引起骨吸收,从而导致置换失败。生物陶瓷力学性能较差,与基体的结合强度不足,温度过高会导致生物活性的下降等。因此,应从改进人工髋关节设计和制造工艺,提高材料的耐磨性与力学性能,增强假体与宿主骨的结合性,减少应力遮挡,寻找新的人工髋关节假体材料等方面来提高置入物与宿主的生物相容性,从而能够更好地延长假体使用寿命。Artificial hip replacement is the most universal and effective means for treating terminal stage disease of hip joint. At present, the metal, ceramic, organic polymer and composite materials used in hip prosthesis have various problems. Metal ions or particles which released from metal materials can increase the wear rate and have potential toxicity to human. Polymers results in arthroplasty failure by bone resorption with macrophages. Bioceramic has poor mechanical property, and cause bioactivity decrease at over high temperature. Accordingly, the biocompatibility of hip prosthesis materials can be enhanced by improving desigla and manufacturing technology, increasing abradability and mechanical property, enhancing associativity, decreasing stress shielding, which can prolong serve life of the prosthesis.

关 键 词：人工髋关节 材料 生物相容性 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]