棉花不同类型品种耐低钾能力的差异  

Differences in Tolerance to Low-Potassium Supply among Different Types of Cultivars in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

作　　者：田晓莉[1] 王刚卫[1] 杨富强[1] 杨培珠[1] 段留生[1] 李召虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学作物化学控制研究中心/农业部作物栽培与耕作学重点开放实验室/植物生理学与生物化学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《作物学报》2008年第10期1770-1780,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30100111;30571118)

摘　　要：以2004年我国棉区主栽的转基因抗虫棉与非抗虫棉、常规棉与杂交棉以及不同熟性的48个品种/杂交种/品系为材料,对室内液体培养条件(钾胁迫浓度为0.02mmolL-1)下幼苗和田间缺钾土壤(速效钾含量为59.88mgkg-1)上成株的耐低钾能力进行了比较。结果表明,抗虫棉组在苗期低钾条件下的生物量、吸钾量和钾利用指数以及田间缺钾土壤上的产量器官干重分别显著或极显著低于非抗虫棉组20.1%、15.0%、23.7%和20.9%,而且苗期生物量最低的5个品种均为抗虫棉,田间产量器官干重最低的5个品种中4个为抗虫棉;杂交棉组的上述各指标分别显著或极显著高于常规棉组28.0%、19.9%、26.4%和43.2%,而且苗期生物量和田间产量器官干重最高的5个品种中各有4个为杂交棉;此外,抗虫棉耐低钾的杂种优势强于非抗虫棉,如杂交抗虫棉的上述各指标分别较常规抗虫棉显著或极显著提高37.0%、24.6%、44.3%和59.4%,而非抗虫棉组的杂交棉只有钾胁迫下的苗期生物量和田间产量器官干重显著高于常规棉27.7%和29.9%;品种熟性不影响棉花的耐低钾能力;各类型品种内部的耐低钾能力也存在显著的品种差异,常规抗虫棉耐低钾能力强的品种(系),其苗期生物量和田间产量器官干重与常规非抗虫棉和杂交抗虫棉耐低钾能力中等的杂交种相当。Commercial cotton production is currently limited by varying levels of potassium （K） deficiency in China. Investigating tolerance to low-potassium （TTLP） of different types of cultivars is important for choosing the adaptive cultivars to guide the potassium fertilizer application in cotton production. Forty-eight cotton cultivars, mainly predominant cultivars/lines developed in China in 2004, were classified into transgenic insect-resistant cotton （TIRC, thirty-three cultivars） and non-insect-resistant cotton （NIRC, fifteen cultivars） / conventional cotton （CC, thirty-three cultivars） and hybrid cotton （HC, fifteen cultivars） / differ- ent-maturity cotton. The dry weight （DW）, K＋ absorption amount （KAA） and internal utilization index （total plant biomass produced per unit K concentration, KUI） of seedlings in a low K^＋ （0.02 mmol L^-1） solution and dry weight of reproductive organs （FRDW, including squares, flowers and uncracked and cracked bolls） in a field with potassium-deficient soil （59.88 mg kg^-1） were compared among different types of cultivars. The results indicated that TTLP of TIRC was inferior as compared with that of NIRC, and DW, KAA and KUI at seedling stage and FRDW in a field decreased by 20.1% （P〈0.01）, 15.0% （P〈0.05）, 23.7% （P〈0.01） and 20.9% （P〈0.05）, respectively. Additionally, five cultivars concerning minimum DW of seedlings were all TIRC, and four out of five cultivars concerning minimum FRDW were TIRC. Thus the foreign genes （Bt and CpTI） encoding insecticidal protein and their introduction processes surely affected TTLP of cotton. However, the underlying mechanisms controlling TTLP still remained unclear. HC showed greater TTLP as compared to CC; with 28.0%, 19.9%, 26.4%, and 43.2% increase in DW, KAA, KUI, and FRDW, respectively. In addition, four from five cultivars concerning maximum both DW and FRDW were HC. These suggested that TTLP of cotton showed significant heterosis. It was further found that the he

关 键 词：棉花 品种类型 耐低钾 差异 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]