施氮对水稻植株和颖果发育及稻米品质的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Rice Seedling Growth and Caryopsis Development and Grain Quality

作　　者：梁国斌[1] 莫亿伟[2] 柳敏[3] 王忠[3] 

机构地区：[1]江苏技术师范学院,江苏常州213001 [2]中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所,广东湛江524091 [3]扬州大学生物技术学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2008年第9期1794-1802,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30070454,39870456)

摘　　要：以扬稻6号和粳稻941为材料,在施氮总量相同条件下分别设置低分蘖肥高孕穗肥和高分蘖肥低孕穗肥2个施氮处理,通过盆栽试验研究施氮量和施氮时期对水稻植株生长、颖果发育和稻米品质的影响.结果表明:水稻植株鲜重、干重、分蘖数和株高随分蘖期氮肥用量增加而增加;增加孕穗期氮肥用量比例能显著提高抽穗期水稻剑叶和颖果光合速率、颖壳叶绿素含量、呼吸速率、颖果CAT及SOD活性;增加孕穗期氮肥用量还能提高水稻籽粒出糙率、精米率、整精米率,降低稻米垩白率,改善稻米的碾米品质和营养品质.因此,增加分蘖期施氮比例能促进水稻植株生长,而提高孕穗期施氮量则有利于水稻颖果发育和稻米品质改善.By pots experiments,two rice cultivars of ‘Yangdao 6＇ （Indica） and ‘Jingdao 941＇ （Japonica） were used to study effects of nitrogen （N） treatments on rice seedling growth,caryopsis development and rice quality. The results showed that more N application at tillering stage can increase fresh and dry weights,node numbers,and heights of rice seedling. While more N added at booting stage can remarkably elevate photosynthetic rates of flag leaf and caryopsis,chlorophyll content and respiratory rate of caryopsis and husk,and the activities of eatalase （CAT） and superoxide dismutase （SOD） in caryopsis. Moreover,an increase in grain quality was observed with more N added at booting stage. It was suggested that N application at various stages shows distinct effects on seedling growth,caryopsis development and rice quality.

关 键 词：水稻 施氮处理 颖果发育 抗氧化酶 光合速率 稻米品质 

分 类 号：Q945.64[生物学—植物学]