不同生育时期土壤干旱后复水对水稻生长发育的补偿效应  

Compensatory Effects of Re-watering after Soil Drying on Rice Growth and Development

作　　者：蔡昆争[1] 吴学祝[1] 骆世明[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所,广州510642

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2008年第5期34-36,共3页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30100107);广东省自然科学基金项目(20000636);广东省科技攻关项目(2007B020711005)

摘　　要：以丰华占为水稻供试品种,通过盆栽实验,在水稻生长的不同生育时期分别进行水分胁迫处理,研究其对水稻植株形态、叶绿素含量、干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明,不同生育期干旱胁迫后株高、分蘖有所下降,尤以分蘖期控水影响较大,恢复灌溉后大多可恢复到对照水平。各生育期遭受水分胁迫后,水稻地上部干重均有不同程度的降低,均达到显著水平,且复水后均始终低于对照处理。叶绿素含量控水处理后显著下降,恢复供水后除分蘖期可恢复到对照水平,其它处理则始终下降。干旱胁迫后水稻根系活力均显著上升,其中穗分化期、抽穗期干旱处理在复水后均仍然显著高于对照。不同生育期干旱对产量的影响强弱顺序为抽穗期>穗分化期>分蘖期>结实期。分蘖期控水主要影响有效穗数,穗分化期控水影响有效穗数、每穗粒数和结实率,抽穗期控水影响每穗粒数、结实率和千粒重,结实率控水影响结实率和千粒重。Rice variety Feng-Hua-Zhan was selected through pot experiment to study the effects of water stress on plant morphology, root activity, leaf cholorophyll content, yield and yield component, water was withheld 15 d at different growing stages. The results showed that water stress decreased plant height, tillers, leaf cholorophyll content and dry matter accumulation in root and aboveground parts, and plant height and tillers could restore to normal level after re-irrigation while dry matter couldn＇t. Root activity increased significantly after drought treatment, and it even could keep higher level than control after re-ir- rigated at panicle differentiation and heading stage. Water stress at different growth stages significantly re duced rice yield, the order of reductuion was heading stage, panicle differentiation stage, filling stage and tillering stage. Water stress at tilling stage mainly influenced effective panicles, while it was effective pani cles, grains per panicle and filled grains at panicle differentiation stage, and grains per panicle, filled grains and 1000-grain weight at heading stage, filled grains and 1000-grain weight at filling stage.

关 键 词：水稻 水分胁迫 干物质 产量 生育期 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]