模拟试验机的分类、特点和在高档油品研发中的应用  

THE CLASSIFICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF SIMULATING TESTERS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN HIGH-GRADE LUBRICANT DEVELOPMENT

作　　者：韦淡平[1] 兰晓艳[1] 张天舒 

机构地区：[1]中国石化石油化工科学研究院,北京100083 [2]中国石油大连润滑油厂,辽宁大连116032

出　　处：《润滑油》2008年第5期52-61,共10页Lubricating Oil

摘　　要：模拟试验机按其运动模式和功能可分为三大类:Ⅰ类是仅有一种运动方式(可以是单向滑动或往复运动式滑动)的传统试验机,Ⅱ类是既能滑动也能滚动但不带弹流极薄膜测量装置的试验机,Ⅲ类是本身就是弹流极薄膜测试台或由Ⅰ类或Ⅱ类试验机添加EHL膜厚测量装置的试验机。模拟试验应能重复实际工况的特点,特别是润滑状态和磨损类型,否则会得出错误结论,违背研究目的。传统的Ⅰ类试验机和标准试验方法在研究工作中得到广泛的应用,但并不完全反映油品和添加剂的实际使用性能,因为这类试验机无法研究润滑剂和添加剂在弹流润滑和混合润滑下的行为。研发新的试验机和研究传统试验机的新测试方法,正确使用3种不同类型的试验机并与表面分析工具相配合,在油品配方研究人员中普及弹流理论,以及吸取有关基础油和添加剂在薄膜润滑中行为的新知识,将有助于弥合在高端油品研发中我国与西方先进国家之间的差距。Simulating testers may be classified into three categories according to their characteristics of action modes and functions, that is single movement （unidirectional sliding or reciprocating sliding, class Ⅰ ）, sliding and rolling but without EHL ultra - thin film measurement system （class Ⅱ）, as well as ultra - thin film measurement system, or a class Ⅰ/class Ⅱ machine equipped with a EHL system （class Ⅲ）. Simulating test should reproduce the surrounding circumstance, in particular the right lubricating regime and wear categories, otherwise the results will be irrelevant to the research purpose. Traditional testers （class Ⅰ ） and standardized test methods are widely used in research work, but they are not in themselves a proper indication of actual performances in service due to the absence of EHL and mixed lubrication in tests. Four suggestions, including development of new testers and new test methods for traditional testers, correct use of the combination of three categories of testers and surface analysis tools, spreading EHL theory among the oil formulation developers, as well as assimilation of new knowledge concerning the behaviors of base oils and additives in thin film lubrication, are presented to fill the technological gaps between our country and west countries in the development of high - grade lubricants.

关 键 词：模拟试验 台架试验 薄膜润滑 燃料 润滑油 添加剂 摩擦化学 

分 类 号：TH87[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]