兰州市住宅空气污染对儿童呼吸系统健康的影响  

Effect of House Indoor Air Pollution on Children Respiratory System in Lanzhou City

作　　者：王振全[1] 李盛[2] 魏学玲[3] 欧阳平[3] 严俊[1] 王立辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学公共卫生学院,甘肃兰州730000 [2]兰州市疾病预防控制中心,甘肃兰州730030 [3]兰州市城关区疾病预防控制中心,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2008年第10期873-876,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：兰州市自然科学基金资助项目(06-1-08)

摘　　要：目的了解兰州市住宅空气污染对儿童呼吸系统健康的影响。方法于2006年11月—2007年2月(采暖期)和2007年5—9月(非采暖期),对兰州市城关区、七里河区(文化区)、西固区(工业区)120套住宅室内空气甲醛、苯、SO_2、NO_2、CO 和可吸入颗粒(PM10)浓度进行检测。采用儿童健康状况调查表对被检测地区3所幼儿园和3所小学1～2年级1700名学生进行呼吸系统病症(咳嗽、咯痰、气喘、支气管炎)影响因素(室内、外空气污染因素以及其他因素)调查,并进行 Logistic 回归分析。结果兰州市采暖期居室空气中 SO_2、CO、NO_2、PM10浓度高于非采暖期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PM10污染最为严重。室外空气污染是儿童呼吸道病症发生的危险因素;引起儿童呼吸道病症的室内空气污染危险因素主要有家人吸烟、装修程度、燃料类型、开窗通风等;母亲文化水平以及性别、年龄对儿童呼吸系统病症的发生也有一定的作用。结论儿童呼吸系统疾病的发生是室内空气污染源及其散发强度、住宅外空气污染程度、人群自身因素和行为综合作用的结果。Objective To study the adverse effect of house indoor air pollution on children respiratory system health in Lanzhou city. Methods A retrospective questionnaire investigation on 1700 children respiratory health was carried out in three kindergartens, three elementary, schools involving lower grade pupils in three districts in Lanzhou city. At the same time, the information about the home environment of the children and family background was collected. Applying logistic regression model, the influencing factors were analyzed. Results The over-standard rates of indoor air quality were from 12.4% to 43.8% in Lanzhou. In the non-heating period, the over-standard rates of formaldehyde, benzene, SO2, NO2, CO and PM10 in indoor air were 22.6%, 14.5%, 13.3%, 12.4%, 0% and 23.3% respectively. In the heating period, the over-standard rates of the pollutants were 27.3%, 16.4%, 34.6%, 28.5%, 32.3% and 43.8% respectively. Indoor air pollution was statistically associated with children respiratory symptoms and diseases, the related risk factors were someone smoking in home, house decorated, opening windows, ventilation, heating in winter, sharing bedroom and maternal education. The outdoor air pollution was one of the influencing factor. Conclusion Children respiratory diseases and symptoms are related to many air pollution factors,such as outdoor and indoor air pollution, personal characteristic and family factors, so to prevent and control indoor air pollution, a comprehensive way should be taken in Lanzhou city.

关 键 词：空气污染 室内 儿童 呼吸系统 LOGISTIC模型 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]