吉安市工业废渣及其相关建材产品中放射性水平调查  

Investigation of Radiation Level in Industrial Wastes and Related Products in Ji'an,Jiangxi

作　　者：张东风[1] 刘仁祜 王国栋[1] 邓文胜[1] 王晓斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉安市疾病预防控制中心职业病防治所,江西吉安343000

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2008年第10期888-891,共4页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：吉安市科学技术局2006年度第二批指导性重点科技计划项目(吉市科计字[200620号])

摘　　要：目的了解吉安市工业废渣中天然放射性核素含量并进行检测分析,为合理地利用工业废渣生产建筑材料提供科学依据。方法于2006年5月至2007年12月采集吉安市煤矸石、粉煤灰、锅炉渣、粉石渣、粘土样品,共36件,采集煤矸石砖成品99件,混凝土粉煤灰砖成品24件,采用 FP90041型低本底多道γ能谱仪检测^(226)Ra、^(232)Th、^(40)K 放射比活度,按照 GB 6566—2001《建筑材料放射性限量》计算内照射指数、外照射指数、公众室内接受内照射的年有效剂量和室内接受γ外照射的年有效剂量和镭当量浓度。结果 36件煤矸石样品^(226)Ra、^(232)Th、^(40)K 放射性比活度均值分别为122.39、65.27、1045.18 Bq/kg:^(226)Ra、^(40)K 放射性比活度分别高于联合国原子辐射效应委员会(UNSCEAR)1993年报告书中推荐的世界建材典型值的0.4倍和0.1倍;内照射指数和外照射指数均值分别为0.62和0.83,符合国家标准;镭当量浓度平均为296.21 Bq/kg,低于 OECD 规定的限值(370 Bq/kg)。粉煤灰和锅炉煤渣内照射指数和外照射指数接近或超过国家规定限值,镭当量浓度高于 OECD 规定的限值。部分地区掺工业废渣墙体材料外照射指数 I_γ接近 GB 6566—2001《建筑材料放射性核素限量》极限值,所致居民公众室内接受γ外照射的年有效剂量当量接近 GB 18871—2002《电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准》限值。结论该市工业废渣中^(226)Ra、^(40)K 放射性水平较高,部分掺工业废渣墙体材料外照射指数、公众室内接受γ外照射的年有效剂量接近相关国家标准限值,生产企业在生产过程中应经常检测原材料和成品放射性水平确保产品的放射性安全。Objective To know the content of natural radionuclide in the industrial residue in Ji＇an in order to provide scientific evidence for rational utilization of industrial residue to produce construction materials. Methods The low-end multichannel spectrometer γ was used to detect the specific activity of radioactive nuclide ^226Ra, ^232h, and ^40K in the industrial residue and walling materials with the residue, and calculate IRa, Iγ, HEi and HEe indices, make evaluation respectively according to test results. Results Thirty-six coal gangue samples were collected by manufacturers of walling materials with industrial residue all over the city. The average values of the specific activity of ^236Ra, ^232h, and ^40K were 122.39, 65.27, and 1 045.18 Bq/kg respectively. The activity concentration of ^236Ra and ^40K were respectively 0.4 times and 0.1 times more than the representative value of world building materials recommended in the report by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation （UNSCEAR） in 1993. The average values of internal and external exposure index were 0.62 and 0.83 respectively conforming to the national standards. The average radium equivalent concentration was 296.21 Bq/kg, lower than the limiting value of 370 Bq/kg set by OECD. The internal and external exposure index of fly ash and boiler cinder approach or exceed the national limiting value. The radium equivalent concentration was higher than the limit value of 370 Bq/kg set by OECD. The external index Iγ of walling materials with industrial residue in some area of Ji ＇an was close to the limit value in GB 6566-2001 Limit of Radionuclides in Building Materials. This led to the result that the annual effective dose equivalent HEe of resident＇ s indoor external exposure of γ was close to the limit value in GB 18871-2002 Basic Standards for Protection against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources. Conclusion In the manufactures used the industrial residue as the raw material to produce

关 键 词：放射性 工业废渣 卫生调查 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]