GPS星历对LEO星载GPS精密定轨精度的影响  

The Impact of GPS Ephemeris on the Accuracy of Precise Orbit Determination for LEO Using GPS

作　　者：彭冬菊[1,2] 吴斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海天文台,上海200030 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100039

出　　处：《天文学报》2008年第4期434-443,共10页Acta Astronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40274006);国家高技术研究发展计划(2006AA12A107);上海市科学技术委员会(06DZ22101)资助

摘　　要：目前,越来越多的低轨卫星上都搭载了用于精密定轨的星载GPS接收机,星载GPS已成为低轨卫星精密定轨的主要手段之一.星载GPS精密定轨精度依赖于GPS星历及钟差精度.基于SHORDE-Ⅲ非差动力学定轨功能,以2005年8月1日至8月7日一周的GRACE卫星实测数据为例,采用事后精密轨道(igs)、快速轨道(igr)和超快速轨道(igu)三种GPS星历在同等条件下定轨,估计GPS星历精度对低轨卫星定轨精度的影响,实际计算结果表明igs和igr两类GPS星历定轨精度相当,约为9.5 cm,igu星历定轨精度略低于igs和igr星历,约为10.5 cm:高频GPS卫星钟差数据对定轨精度会产生1～6cm影响.Today more and more Low Earth orbiting satellites （LEOs） of new scientific missions are equipped with a GPS receiver for precise orbit determination （POD）, on-board GPS has become one of the main POD approaches. However, the on-board GPS POD accuracy obviously relies on the accuracy of GPS orbit and clock products. Based on the zero-difference dynamic POD approach of SHORDE-III program, this paper shows the influence of GPS orbit and clock on the POD accuracy of LEO using real GRACE data and three types of IGS orbit products between 1 Aug. and 7 Aug. The results indicate that IGS final precise orbit product （igs） and rapid orbit product （igr） have the equal POD accuracy which is about 9.5cm, the POD accuracy using ultra-rapid orbit product （igu） is about 10.5cm which is a little worse than igs and igr; High-rate GPS clock products have an impact of about 1-6 cm on the POD accuracy of LEO.

关 键 词：航天器 天体力学 轨道计算和定轨 

分 类 号：P228.4[天文地球—大地测量学与测量工程]