大豆连作土壤盆栽大豆根腐病及生长发育状况  

Effect of Long Term Soybean Monoculture on Soybean Root Rot and Soybean Growth and Development in Pot Experiment

作　　者：刘金波[1,2] 许艳丽[1] 李春杰[1] 刁琢[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]东北农业大学农学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《大豆科学》2008年第5期806-810,共5页Soybean Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(kzcx2-yw-408);国家“十一五”科技支撑资助项目(GA06B101);中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所黑土生态重点实验室基金资助课题(HTST07);黑龙江省“十一五”科技攻关资助项目(GA06B101-1-5)

摘　　要：根腐病是引起大豆连作障碍的主要原因。对取自海伦农业生态试验站长期定位试验区大豆连作16 a、轮作和休闲3个小区大豆田耕层土壤,采用盆栽方法,探讨长期连作对大豆根腐病及生长发育的影响。分别于大豆播种后20、30和55 d取样调查大豆根腐病发病程度、株高和鲜重,并分别在20 d和55 d时调查病原菌和胞囊数量。结果表明:大豆连作17 a土壤盆栽大豆根腐病发病程度略低于轮作,两者之间差异不显著,轮作高于休闲,两者相比差异显著。播种55 d后休闲大豆株高最高,与大豆连作17 a和轮作比差异显著;其次为轮作,大豆连作17 a株高最低。休闲鲜重最高,其次为轮作,连作17 a最低,但3者之间无明显差异。从大豆根中共分离出镰孢菌和腐霉菌2种病原菌,镰孢菌分离频率明显高于腐霉菌,连作17 a和轮作无明显差异。轮作大豆根上胞囊数量高于大豆连作17 a,差异显著,休闲土盆栽大豆未发现胞囊。因此,大豆长期连作土壤盆栽大豆根腐病与轮作无明显差异,但连作17 a大豆生长发育状况较轮作稍差。Soybean root rot was the main cause of soybean monoculture obstacle. By pot experiment with soils from soybean monoculture 16 years （ S- S S）, Wheat- Corn- Soybean rotation （ W- C- S） and fallow arable layer soils in Hailun Agricultural Ecology Experimental Station, the research was carried to probe the effect of soybean monoculture on soybean root rot and plant growth. Soybean root rot severity, plant height and fresh weight were detected after sowing 20 d ; pathogens and Cyst quantity were respectively surveyed after sowing 20 d and 55 d. The results showed that, soybean root rot severity in S- S -S was lower than W-C-S, and no significant differences between them, but significant differences were found between W- C-S and fallow. Plant height was the highest in fallow,which were significantly different to S-S S and W-C-S. After sowing 55 d, the plant height was the highest in fallow, has significant differences to S- S - S and W- C- S ; the plant height of W- C-S was the second and in S-S -S was the lowest. Fresh weight was the highest in fallow, W-C-S…W-C-S was the second and S-S S was the lowest,but there were no significant differences among them. Two genus pathogens of Fusarium spp. and Pythium spp. were isolated in soybean root. Fusarium spp. had higher isolation frequency than Pythium spp. , but no difference between S-S S and W-C-S. The cysts quantity of W-C-S…W-C-S on soybean root was higher than S-S S, and significant differences were found between them, but no cyst was found in fallow. In short, soybean root rot of potted soybean plants were no significant differences between S- S S and W- C- S soil, but the growth and development of soybean in S-S S were slightly inferior to W-C-S…W-C-S.

关 键 词：大豆 连作 根腐病 生长发育 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]