闽南-台湾浅滩渔场多鳞鱚生长、死亡参数及种群动态  

The population dynamics and parameter of growth and mortality of Sillago sihama in the Minnan-Taiwan fishing grounds

作　　者：卢振彬[1] 陈骁[2] 杜建国[2] 

机构地区：[1]福建省水产研究所,厦门361012 [2]厦门大学海洋学系、生物资源开发与保护福建省重点实验室,361005

出　　处：《海洋水产研究》2008年第5期47-53,共7页Marine Fisheries Research

基　　金：福建省海洋与渔业局(闽海渔科2001-06);海洋生物多样性项目(2004)资助

摘　　要：以2001-2003年在闽南一台湾浅滩渔场底拖网渔获物采集的多鳞鳝样品，进行渔获群体结构和生长与死亡的研究，并从生态学参数的变化探讨种群动态。结果表明，多鳞鳝渔获群体叉长范围65-237mm，优势组131～150mm，平均134．5mm，体重范围5～110g，优势组11～30g，平均26．1g。年龄范围0～3龄，优势组1龄，平均0．91龄。生长参数L∞为260．89mm、W∞为153．81g、k为0．6614、t0为-0．6158、tr为0．8474龄。Z为2．7728，M为1．3004，F为1．4724，开发比率为0．5310。与1992～1993年比较，种群趋向个体小型化、低龄化，开发程度由未充分向过度开发变化。1994年以来该渔场不断加大捕捞的投入和产出，连续13年超过了估算的渔业资源最大可持续渔获量和最大可持续捕捞力量。大量捕杀幼鱼，致使包括多鳞嬉在内的多数底层、近底层鱼类过度开发。因此必须强化对渔业和渔业资源的管理力度，严格控制渔业的投入和产出量及开捕规格。在当前渔获量和捕捞力量超过最大可持续渔获量和最大可持续捕捞力量的情况下，应采取“负增长”的策略，渔业资源方能得以有效恢复，才能持久为人们所利用和实现海洋捕捞业的可持续发展。The population structure, characters of growth and mortality of Sillago sihama collected by bottom trawl in the southern Taiwan Strait during 2001--2003 were studied, and S. sihama population dynamics discussed using ecological parameters. The results showed that the fork length of S. sihama population ranged from 65 to 237mm, 131-150 mm Being predominant,and the mean value was 134. 5 mm. The body weight ranged from 5 to 110g, 11-30g being predominant,and the mean value was 26. lg. The age ranged from 0 to 3 years, 1 year being predominant,and the mean value was 0.91 year. The parameters of growth were as follows： L∞=260.89mm, W∞ =153.81g, k=0. 6614, to = -0. 6158, tr=0. 847 4; the coefficient of total mortality was 2. 772 8, the coefficient of natural mortality was 1. 300 4 and the eoefficient of fishing mortality was 1. 472 4, the exploitation rate was 0. 531 0. Compared with data of 1992- 1993, the population have been miniaturized in size,low-aged, and excessively exploited. The input-output of fishing in this fishing ground was enhanced continuously, the actual annual yield has exceeded their maximum sustainable yield and maximum sustainable fishing efforts for the last 13 years since 1994, and the juvenile fishes were captured heavily,resulted in over-exploitation of both benthic and near bottom fishes including S. sihama. Therefore, it is suggested that protection and management of the fish resources should be intensified, and effective measures should be taken to control the input-output of fishing and the capture size. In the current situation that fishing output and fishing efforts exceed the surplus output of fishery resources, the ＂negative increase＂ strategy must be taken to restore the fishery resources and then achieve sustainable development and sustainable use of fish stocks.

关 键 词：种群结构 生长与死亡 开捕规格 多鳞鳝 台湾海峡南部 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源] S922.94[农业科学—水产科学]