论后金至清初时期印信牌之发轫  

A Discussion of the Origins of the Yinxinpai System of Plaques from the Later Jin to the Early Qing Period

作　　者：李理[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳故宫博物院

出　　处：《故宫博物院院刊》2008年第5期56-67,共12页Palace Museum Journal

摘　　要：沈阳故宫博物院藏有一批后金至清初时期的木制印信牌,为八旗官兵发布上谕、传递信息、执行命令的特殊凭证;在清初复杂的宫廷斗争中,它们甚至被利用为政治工具。顺治朝以后,随着国家各行政机构的建立,带有年号的木质印信牌被废弃不用。沈阳故宫所藏印信牌虽制造并使用于后金至清初时期,但它的外形、纹饰及使用功能却承袭于明制,甚至源于宋、元,其发韧反映清朝对古代传统器物、传统文化的继承。The Palace Museum in Shenyang has in its collection a batch of wooden plaques dating from the Later Jin to the early Qing period that were used by the Manchu regime to issue decrees,relay information and to indicate that a person was carrying out imperial orders. The origins of the use of such tallies (yinxinpai) can be traced back through the Ming dynasty to the Song and Yuan periods,and the earlier examples are very similar in shape and decoration to those in the collection of the Palace Museum in Shenyang,demonstrating that there was a tradition of using and making these objects. Such tallies seem to have been most extensively used in the late Ming and early Qing period,when they could be used to call on enemies to surrender,to mobilize the Eight Banners and to relay orders from the Manchu court.However, the use of these fell into decline once the Manchu rulers moved their capital from the North- east to Beijing.

关 键 词：文物 木制信牌 传承 用途 满族文明 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学] K249.1[历史地理—中国史]