基本苗数和底追肥比例对冬小麦籽粒产量和蛋白质组分的影响  

RESPONSE OF GRAIN YIELD AND PROTEIN TO NUMBER OF BASIC SEEDLING AND RATIO OF BASE TO TOPDRESSING NITROGEN IN WINTER WHEAT(Tritcum aestivum L.)

作　　者：赵广才[1] 常旭虹[1] 杨玉双[1] 李姗姗[1] 李乃新[2] 张铁恒 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [2]武警8640部队后勤部,河北保定071000 [3]河北省保定国营农场,河北徐水072550

出　　处：《核农学报》2008年第5期712-716,共5页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家“十一五”支撑计划资助项目(2006BAD02A13-2-4);农业部专项(070101)

摘　　要：以中任1号小麦为试验材料，采用二因素随机区组设计，研究了基本苗和氮肥施用策略对小麦植株性状、产量和蛋白质组分的影响。结果表明，不同基本苗数和氮肥底，追比例的处理间株高、穗长、产量、千粒重、容重均有显著差异。穗长与穗粒数呈极显著正相关（r=0．931^＊＊）。随基本苗增加，穗长、穗粒数和千粒重逐渐减少，处理间差异显著。容重有随基本苗增加而升高的趋势。对产量而言，基本苗以450万/hm^2时较高，但与300万／hm^2和37577／hm^2基本苗处理间的产量差异不显著，因此，生产中在偏晚的播期内，可以根据实际播种时间和地力条件，在300～450万／hm^2基本苗范围内进行调整。不同蛋白组分对基本苗处理的反应有别，在基本苗较少时清蛋白和球蛋白含量较低，而谷蛋白和总蛋白含量较高。清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶蛋白在各追肥比例处理间差异不显著，谷蛋白和总蛋白含量处理间差异显著，且均以底追比例3：7的处理含量最高。总蛋白含量有随追肥比例增加而提高的趋势。＂Zhongren 1＂, a winter cultivar, cultivating with randomized block design with two factors, was used to study the effects of basic seedling and nitrogen application strategies on grain yield and protein components. The results showed that the plant height, spike length, grain yield, thousand-grain weight and test weight were significant difference among the treatments. The spike length and the number of grains per spike were positively correlated （ r = 0.931^＊ ＊ ）. The spike length, spike kernels and the thousand-grain weight were reduced with the increase of the number of basic seedling, and they were significant difference among the treatments. It was the trend that the test weight was increased with the increase of the number of basic seedling. The grain yield was higher when the number of basic seedling was 450 x 10g/hm2. But there was no significant difference in the grain yield between the number of basic seedling 300 × 10^4/hm^2 and 375 × 10^4/hm^2 , so the number of basic seedling could be 300 × 10^4 -450 × 10^4/hm^2 in slightly late sowing date, according to actual sowing date and soil fertility. They were different in the response of the protein components to basic seedling, the Albumin and Globulin content were lower when the basic seedling was fewer, but the Glutelin and total protein content were higher. The Albumin, Globulin and Gliadin content were not significant difference among the treatments of the ratio of base to topdressing nitrogen application. The Glutelin and total protein contents were significant difference among the treatments of the ratio of base to topdressing nitrogen application, and it was the highest of the treatment of the ratio 3 ： 7. There was of a trend that the total protein content was increased with the ratio of topdressing nitrogen application increase.

关 键 词：基本苗 追肥比例 冬小麦 产量 蛋白质组分 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]