白色污染对棉花根系生长发育的影响  

Influence of White Pollution on Root Growth of Cotton

作　　者：李青军[1] 危常州[1,2] 雷咏雯[1] 王娟[1] 吴同鲁[1] 王晓生[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832000 [2]科技部、新疆兵团共建新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2008年第5期769-775,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家973前期预研项目“新疆绿洲长期连作棉田生态过程的演变机制及调控对策(2006CB708401)”;国家农业部948重大专项子课题“棉田养分资源管理技术引进与示范(2006-G60)”

摘　　要：研究了土壤中地膜残留对土壤物理性状、棉花根系生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明，（1）土壤含水量和孔隙度随残留地膜的增加而减小，而土壤容重和比重随之增加。（2）在0-40cm土壤中。残膜能够刺激棉花根系的生长，当残膜量为900kg／hm^2以下时，棉花根表面积、根长密度和根重都大量增加；在40-100cm土壤中，残膜阻碍根系生长，使根系生物量下降。（3）随着残膜数量增加，棉花干物质重和冠／根均随着残膜量的增加而减小，棉花地下部地上部生长不协调，产量降低。因此，一定数量的残膜刺激根系生长的现象是棉花植株的适应性反应，而残膜对棉花的生物学产量和经济学产量均有负面影响，残膜数量越大，减产作用越明显。An experiment was carried out for studying the influence of residual plastic film in soil on growth of cotton root and yield as well as on the soil physical property. Results showed that （ 1 ） soil water content and porosity reduced along with adding residual plastic film,but soil bulk density and particle density increased. （2） There was stimulation of residual plastic film on growing of the cotton root in 0 - 40 cm soil, root area （ RA ）, root length density （RLD） and root dry weight （RDW） of cotton increased greatly when residual plastic f＇tim ration was less than 900 kg/hm^2, but the root biomass was reduced because the root growth was inhibited by residual plastic film in 40 - 100 cm soil. （3） Dry matter weight of cotton plant and canopy/root ration reduced with adding residual plastic film which destroyed the harmonization of cotton root and shoot so that reduced the production of cotton. So stimulating root growth by a certain amount of residual plastic film could bring about adaptive response of cotton plant, but there was a negative influence of residual plastic film on biological yield and economic yield, and the greater the amount of residual plastic film was accumulated in field, the greater cotton plant was brought about its effect on reduction of output.

关 键 词：白色污染 棉花 残膜 根系 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]